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A  TRANSLATION 


MINOR   PROPHETS 


With  an  Occasional  Brief  Note 
Introduced 


By  benjamin   DOUGLASS 

Of  Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 


FLEMING   H.  REVELL   COMPANY 
New  York      :   :      Chicago      :   :      Toronto 

Publishers  of  Evangelical  Literature 
1896 


Copyright  i8g6  by 
Fleming  H,  Revell  Company. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Introduction             ......  3 

Note  on  Jonah    .  .  .  .  .  .  .12 

HOSEA        '.......  17 

Joel           ........  34 

Amos     ........  41 

Obadiah     ........  54 

Jonah  ........  57 

MicAH        ........  62 

Nahum             .......  71 

Habakkuk            .......  75 

Zephaniah       .            .           .           .           .           .           .  80 

Haggai       ........  85 

Zechariah       .......  89 

Malachi    ........  109 


[3] 


INTRODUCTION. 


All  tra,nslations  made  by  large  bodies  of  men,  and  where  the 
work  in  its  details  is  done  by  committees  and  then  voted  on  by 
the  body  at  large,  are  necessarily  compromises.  They  are  such, 
because  many  men  of  many  minds,  nominally  religious,  compose 
these  committees.  Some  are  half  skeptics,  some  Unitarian, 
Universalist,  and  scholarly  critics  of  every  description.  The 
received  version  of  the  Scriptures  is,  in  its  doctrinal  parts,  no 
exception  to  this  rule,  nor  is  the  revision. 

The  mystical  interpretation  which  has  come  down  to  us,  and 
is  so  largely  accepted,  makes  void  the  word  of  God  to  a  certain 
degree,  especially  in  the  reading  of  the  prophets.  They  all, 
except  Jonah,  write  of  the  second  coming  of  Jesus  Christ  and 
of  events  to  take  place  just  precedent  to,  and  at,  the  time  of 
His  personal  appearing;  and  the  translators,  failing  to  catch 
the  idea,  or  unwilling  to  believe  it,  substitute  for  the  person 
the  thing,  the  neuter  for  the  masculine.  Very  often,  the  plural 
is  put  for  the  singular,  and  prophecies  that  are  yet  future  are 
regarded  as  already  fulfilled.  Vide,  for  an  instance,  the  first 
paragraph,  of  seven  verses,  in  the  forty-first  chapter  of  Isaiah, 
where  there  are  fifteen  futures,  changed  into  pasts  or  presents. 
The  translators  did  this  because  they  thought  that  the  prophecy 
was  fulfilled  by  Cyrus  ;  but  there  is  no  reference  to  Cyrus  or  his 
times.  It  is  to  the  Anti-Christ,  or  false  Messiah,  and  his  times, 
which  precede  the  coming  of  Jesus  Christ,  the  true  Messiah,  by 
seven  years.     Jehovah  is  the  speaker. 

The  spiritualistic  mode  of  interpretation  which  prevails 
among  all  the  evangelical  denominations,  comes  to  us  from  the 
dark  ages.  The  churches  of  the  Reformation  ought  to  have 
disowned  it,  but  they  did  not,  neither  did  they  affirm  it. 
The  great  minds  of  the  churches,  in  those  days,  had  their 
all-absorbing  specialties,  in  settling  and  defending  the  funda- 
mental articles  of  their  faith,  order  of  church  government,  etc. 

[5] 


6  INTRODUCTION. 

Meanwhile,  grradually,  tlio  old  "dark-age"  view  of  the  pro- 
phetic portions  of  scripture  acquired  strength  and  retained  its 
hold.  The  consequence  has  been  disastrous  to  the  truth.  It 
is  a  notorious  fact  that  the  ministers  do  not  understand  the 
prophets,  and  why  Js  it  they  regard  them  as  a  terra  incognita  ? 
I  am  persuaded  it  is  because  of  this  spiritualistic  system  of 
interpretation.  It  makes  a  dead  letter  of  one  half  of  the  Bible. 
It  is  a  huge  tare  "  the  Father  of  lies  "  has  sown.  It  makes  the 
Gentile  Church,  the  kingdom,  and  Christians  sing  :  "  I  love  thy 
kingdom,  Lord,  the  cJiurch,''  etc.,  and  so  the  error  lives  and  is 
passed  along.  The  clergy  will  never  understand  the  prophets 
until  they  accept  the  doctrine  of  the  second  personal  pre- 
millennial  coming  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  read  the  prophets,  as 
literally  as  they  do  Milton  or  Shakespeare. 

For  these,  with  other  reasons,  the  author  has  made  this 
translation  for  the  benefit  of  his  children ;  and  he  has  now 
given  it  to  the  public,  in  the  hope  that  some  reader  may  get  a 
benefit  from  its  perusal.  He  took  up  the  work  when  time 
might,  otherwise,  have  hung  upon  his  hands.  At  long  intervals 
he  has  leisurely  made  his  translation,  in  short  studies.  He  has 
followed  the  Masoretic  punctuation,  and  the  translation  is  given 
as  originally  written,  without  any  attempt  at  revision.  He 
united  with  the  Bleecker  Street  Presbj'terian  church  in  New 
York  City,  in  March,  1831,  and  horrible  to  relate,  never  heard 
a  sermon  or  lecture  on  the  second  advent  of  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  or  any  reference  to  the  subject,  for  fifteen  years  there- 
after !  Then,  forming  the  acquaintance  of  an  Episcopal  clergy- 
man who  had  left  the  church  in  England,  because  of  her 
Puseyism  and  Oxford  Tractism,  he  heard  from  him  the  pre- 
millennial  doctrine  of  the  Lord's  return.  Opposing  it,  at  the 
outset,  with  all  his  might,  he  was  yet  subdued  by  the  Scripture 
proofs  presented.  In  studying  the  question  exhaustively,  as  he 
did,  it  became  necessary  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  the  Hebrew 
and  its  cognates.  Since  1846  the  Hebrew  has  been  his  hobby, 
and  he  loves  it,  because  it  is  so  simple  and  sublime,  and  be- 
cause it  is,  as  the  Jews  call  it, ."  the  holy  tongue." 

Surprised  to  find  not  only  the  Presbyterian,  but  all  the 
evangelical  churches,  so  hostile  to  the  truth  of  the  Lord's 
return,  his  suspicion  was  aroused  as  to  whether  they  had  the 
proper   mode  of    Interpreting   prophetic    Scripture.      He  read 


INTRODUCTION.  7 

Mosheim's  Church  History  to  learn  what  changes  of  creed  and 
interpretation  took  place  in  the  history  of  the  church,  century 
by  century,  with  the  reasons  therefor  As  a  result,  he  totally 
repudiates  the  prevalent  traditional  "Whitbyan"  view,  which 
is  "Origenism  "  renewed,  reads  the  word  of  God,  and  interprets 
it,  by  those  comraon-sense  principles  of  interpretation  by  which 
our  courts  of  justice  are  guided  in  interpreting  documents 
which  come  before  them.  God  speaks  to  men  in  the  language 
of  men,  and  means  to  be,  and  can  be,  understood,  if  the  gram- 
matical meaning  is  accepted.  The  two  comings  of  the  Lord 
Jesus,  the  first  time  to  "suffer,"  and  the  second  time  to 
"reign,"  are  equally  literal,  and  are  clearly  taught  in  the 
Bible,  the  latter  by  seven  hundred  or  eight  hundred  texts 
which  are  allegorically,  mystically,  and  spiritually,  so  called, 
interpreted  into  meaning  almost  nothing,  if  not  absolutely 
abolishing  the  coming  kingdom  of  the  Lord  Jesus.  But  this 
subject  is  too  large  for  me  to  comment  on  in  this  preface. 

Let  it  suffice  to  say  that  our  theologians,  with  few  exceptions, 
do  not  discriminate  between  prophetic  and  non-prophetic  time, 
nor  do  they  interpret  the  figures  and  symbols  of  Scripture  by 
their  respective  laws,  nor  study  prophecy  as  "  a  light  shining  in 
a  dark  place."  Of  unfulfilled  prophetic  time  there  remains  but 
one  week,  or  seven  years,  of  Daniel's  seventy  weeks,  to  close  this 
economy  and  usher  in  the  glorious  epiphany  of  our  "Great  God 
and  Saviour,  Jesus  Christ."  Is  not  the  neglect  to  preach  this 
truth  a  reason  why  the  churches  are  so  world  conformed  ?  and 
is  it  not  an  adequate  cause  why  such  questions  have  been  cur- 
rent, as,  "Is  Christianity  a  failure  ?  "  and,  "  Has  the  pulpit  lost 
its  power  over  the  people  ?  "  I  think  it  is  the  very  cause,  and 
that  man's  great  enemy  has  planted,  by  stealth,  this  device  in 
interpretation  upon  the  church  with  a  view  to  its  ruin. 

Tbe  unfulfilled  prophecies  predict  what  is  to  happen  "  in  that 
day,"  meaning  the  time  of  the  seven  years,  and  the  second  com- 
ing of  Jesus.  They  picture  the  advent  and  doings  of  him  who 
will  become  the  "Anti-Christ."  These  prophecies  are  generally 
regarded  by  commentators  as  fulfilled  some  two  thousand  j'ears 
or  more  ago,  and  thus  they  are  swept  aside  as  so  much  rubbish, 
or  by  some  they  are  regarded  as  simply  a  terra  incognita.  The 
German  scholars  for  the  last  hundred  years  have  led  the  world  of 
thought  in  the  exposition  of  Scripture,  but   as  they  generally 


8  INTRODUCTION. 

deny  inspiration,  and  miracle,  and  tlie  possibilitj'  of  prophec>, 
their  views  are  harmful  in  the  highest  degree  ;  and  as  they  arn, 
in  a  worldly  sense,  scholarly,  and  are  largely  in  the  majority,  the 
minority  submit  and  are  misled  by  their  depraved,  infidel 
scholarship. 

By  those  of  this  school  there  is  a  general  denial  that  a  King  is 
coming  to  take  the  sovereignty  of  earth  ;  but  it  is  foretold  that 
Jesus  is  to  be  this  coming  King,  this  "King  of  glory."  He  will 
retake  Adam's  forfeited  dominion  over  earth.  The  government 
shall  then  be  on  His  shoulder  :  and  his  name  shall  be  called 
"Miracle,  Counselor,  God,  Miglity  Man  [note  this  change  of 
translation],  the  Everlasting  Father,  the  Prince  of  Peace." 
And  then,  "Behold  a  King  shall  reign  in  righteousness,"  and 
men's  eyes  "shall  be  permitted  to  see  the  King,  in  His  beauty." 
Jeremiah  tells  us  in  chapter  23  :  5  that  "a  King  shall  reign  and 
prosper  and  shall  execute  judgment  and  justice  in  the  earth;'' 
and  His  name  shall  be  called  "Jehovah,  our  righteousness." 
Dan.  7:13,  14,  says:  "Behold,  one  like  the  Son  of  Man  came 
with  the  clouds  of  heaven,  and  came  to  the  Ancient  of  Daj's,  and 
they  brought  Him  near  before  him.  There  was  given  Him 
dominion,  and  glory,  and  a  kingdom,  that  all  people,  nations, 
and  languages,  should  serve  Him  :  His  dominion  is  an  everlast- 
ing dominion,  which  shall  not  pass  away,  and  His  Kingdom  that 
which  shall  not  be  destroyed."  No  exegesis  can  properly  de- 
prive these  texts  of  their  literal  import. 

To  err  is  human.  All  scholars  are  fallible.  The  greatest  and 
best  men  make  great  mistakes.  Dr.  Hodge,  of  Princeton,  N.  J., 
is  a  case  of  the  kind.  He  was  one  of  the  great  men  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  and  yet  he  taught  ("  Systematic  Theologj%" 
Vol.  2,  pp.  597,  599)  that  "  the  Kingdom  of  God  has  existed,  in  our 
world,  ever  since  the  fall  of  Adam."  A  more  ridiculous  proposi- 
tion was  never  uttered,  it  seems  to  me,  by  any  strong-minded 
and  godly  man,  and  yet  how  many  preachers  followed  him  in 
teaching  this  dreadful  error!  Dr.  Hodge  further  wrote:  "As 
the  Kingdom  of  God  on  earth  ims  set  up  immediately  after  the 
fall,  yet,  as  the  Messiah  was  to  come  to  make  all  things  new  and 
to  take  into  His  hands,  as  the  Theanthropos,  the  administration 
of  this  Kingdom,  the  Old  Testament  predicted  and  the  New 
Testament  announces  the  establishment  of  a  new  Kingdom,  as 
consequent  on  His  adveyit/'     What  a  hodgepodge  he  makes  of  it 


INTRODUCTION.  9' 

through  his  '  Whitbyanism. "  A  kingdom  concurrent  with,  and 
antagonistic  to,  Satan's  for  four  thousand  years,  and  then  a  neio 
kingdom,  that  is,  there  were  to  be  two  kingdoms  after  His  first 
advent,  besides  Satan's.  No  ;  Satan  is  now  the  permitted  god  of 
this  world,  and  there  is,  for  the  present,  no  other  kingdom  here. 
Satan  mvist  be  dethroned  ere  Christ  can  reign,  and  he  will  be 
deposed  when  Jesus  returns.  He  got  his  hold  on  this  world  and 
race  when  he  tempted  our  first  parents,  and  he  holds  it  yet.  He 
is  the  "  World  Deceiver."     Rev.  12  :  9. 

That  the  personal  coming  of  the  King  and  the  setting  up  of 
His  kingdom  is  yet  future,  is  clearly  proved  by  the  tenses  in  the 
New  Testament  relating  thereto,  which  are  not  properly  ren- 
dered in  either  the  King  James'  or  revised  translations.  The 
Greek  grammarians  are  all  agreed,  and  their  views  are  well 
expressed  by  Dr.  Curtius  in  section  598  of  his  Greek  grammar, 
as  follows,  namely  :  "  Many  verbs  whose  present  stem  expresses 
a  state  denote  in  all  the  aorist  forms  the  entrance  into  the 
state."  He  gives  eight  instances,  and  among  them  "Basileuein, 
to  be  king,  Basileusai,  to  become  king."  Applying  this  rule,  let 
me  refer  to  three  texts  in  the  book  of  the  Revelation ;  to  wit. 
Rev.  11 :  17 ;  19  : 6  ;  and  20  : 4.  Rev.  11 :  17  reads  :  '*  We  give  thee 
thanks,  O  Lord  God  Almighty,  which  art  and  wast  because  thou 
hast  taken  to  thee  thy  great  power  and  hast  begun  to  reign,'"  not 
"reigned."  This  will  be  on  His  personal  return,  His  second 
coming!  Rev.  19:6:  *'I  heard,  as  it  were,  the  voices  of  a 
great  multitude,  and  as  the  voice  of  many  waters,  and  as  the 
voice  of  many  thunderings,  saying  Alleluia,  for  the  Lord  God 
omnipotent  has  begun  to  reign.''*  This  will  be  the  time  of  His 
entrance  on  the  kingdom  !  In  Rev.  20  :  4  the  three  classes  speci- 
fied "lived  and  began  to  reign  with  Christ  a  thousand  years." 

The  Hebrew  verb  Malach,  to  reign,  is  like  the  Greek  verb 
in  its  past  tense.  It  is  twenty-five  times  rendered  "began  to 
reign,"  the  context  deciding,  in  all  cases,  whether  the  begin- 
ning or  end  of  the  reign  is  referred  to.  As  instances  where  the 
word  occurs  with  its  two  meanings,  in  the  same  verses,  see 
2  Chron.  25:1,  which  reads:  "Amaziah  was  twenty-five  years 
old  when  he  began  to  reign  and  he  reigned  twenty-nine  years." 
Again  in  2  Chron.  29  :  1  :  "  Hezekiah  began  to  reign  when  he 
was  twenty-five  years  old  and  he  reigned  twenty-nine  years  in 
Jerusalem." 


10  INTRODUCTION. 

In  the  old  Testament,  the  beginning  of  that  kingdom  of  God, 
which  is  yet  to  come,  is  indicated  by  a  change  of  translation, 
wliich  should  be  made  in  eight  difTerent  texts.  They  are  :  Isa. 
24  :  23  and  52  :  7 ;  Ps.  93  :  1  ;  47  :  8 ;  00  :  10  ;  97 :  1 ;  98  :  9  ;  and  99  :  1. 

The  twenty-fourth  chapter  of  Isaiah  gives  an  account  of  a 
judgment  on  the  whole  world,  ending  in  the  beginning  of  the 
reign  of  Jehovah  of  Hosts.  The  last  verse  reads:  "Then  the 
moon  shall  be  confounded  and  the  sun  ashamed."  Why  ?  — 
"Because  Jehovah  of  Hosts  has  begun  to  reign  in  Mount  Zion 
and  in  Jerusalem  and  before  His  Ancients  gloriousl3^" 

The  fifty-second  chapter  is  in  line  with  the  twenty-fourth 
chapter.  The  time  of  fulfilment,  in  both,  is  that  of  the  second 
coming.  Then,  it  shall  be  said,  (verse  7):  "How  beautiful  upon 
the  mountains  are  the  feet  of  him  that  bringeth  good  tidings, 
that  publisheth  peace  ;  that  bringeth  good  tidings,  that  pub- 
lisheth  salvation,  that  saith  unto  Zion,  thy  God  has  become  King.'" 
The  forty-seventh  Psalm  and  eighth  verse  should  read:  "God 
has  become  King,"  instead  of  "  God  reigneth."  All  people  are  to 
clap  hands,  because  He  has  then  come  back. 

Ps  93:1  should  read:  "Jehovah  has  become  King;"  and 
the  first  verses  of  Psalms  97  and  99  should  be  changed  from 
"  reigneth  "  to  "  has  become  King." 

The  time  in  all  these  cases  is  that  of  the  second  coming  of 
Jesus  Messiah. 

In  Ps.  90  :  10  we  should  read  :  Say  among  the  heathen  that 
"Jehovah  has  become  King."  As  a  consequence,  the  heavens  are 
invited  to  rejoice  and  the  earth  to  be  glad  ;  the  sea  is  to  roar,  and 
its  fulness.  The  field  is  to  be  joyful  and  the  trees  of  the  Wood 
to  rejoice,  before  the  Jehovah  Man  ;  for  He  has  come  [not  Com- 
eth] for  He  has  come  to  judge  the  Earth." 

At  Psalm  98  the  people  will  sing  a  new  song  ;  and  this  expres- 
sion, "New  Song,"  the  Rabbins,  say,  always  indicates  the  days 
of  the  Messiah.  I  would  change  "  cometh  "  in  the  ninth  verse 
to  "has  come." 

These  eleven  texts  point  unquestionably,  as  with  an  index 
finger,  to  the  coming  of  a  King  and  the  setting  up  of  His  Kingdom 
at  that  time,  in  the  most  glad  and  happy  manner  ;  and  thence- 
forth, "He  will  reign  in  righteousness,"  yea,  "righteousness 
shall  be  the  girdle  of  His  loins  and  faithfulness  the  girdle  of  His 
reins."     He  will  rule  with  absolute  perfection  of  rectitude  and 


INTRODUCTION.  11 

holiness.  If  the  Scriptures  are  competent  to  determine  for  us 
when  the  kingdom  shall  come,  then  these  eleven  texts  are  suffi- 
cient :  and  they,  supported  by  their  contexts,  have  already, 
infallibly  and  definitely,  settled  the  question.  All  argument  is 
at  an  end,  for  all  the  opposing  theories  of  the  past  and  present 
are  overthrown,  and  are  entirel}^  erroneous  and  unscriptural,  yea, 
anti-scriptural. 


NOTE  ON  JONAH, 


I  PUT  the  book  of  Jonah  off  to  be  the  last  of  the  "Minor 
Prophets"  I  should  translate  ;  and  in  so  doing,  I  have  deviated 
from  my  custom,  in  rendering  the  plural  noun  Eloliim,  "the 
triune  God."  This  is,  I  think,  its  true  import;  and,  as  a 
Hebrew  student,  I  have  believed  it  to  be  such  for  nearly  fifty 
years.  When  I  look  over  the  history  of  the  past,  the  reason  why 
this  traditional  rendering  of  EloMni,  with  a  singular  meaning, 
should  have  been  entailed  upon  us,  and  have  come  down  to  us, 
almost  unquestioned,  for  1800  years  past,  is  plain.  • 

After  apostolic  days,  in  the  second  centur}',  the  church  was 
busy  in  studying  the  Word  of  God,  which  was  then  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, It  needed  instruction  and  translation  ;  and  since,  in  those 
days,  there  were  few  Hebrew  scholars,  and  these  were  Unitarian 
Rabbis,  it  became  necessary  to  go  to  them  to  learn  the  meaning 
of  this  divine  name,  "Elohim."  Their  teaching  was  accepted 
and  traditionally  transmitted.  In  opposition  to  the  polytheism 
of  all  other  peoples,  the  Jews  alone  thought  there  was  but  one 
God.  In  this  they  were  right,  but  they  failed  to  see  that,  in  the 
Godhead,  there  were  three  eternal  personal  relations.  In  the 
New  Testament  these  are  first  indicated  in  Matt.  28  :  19  by  the 
terms  "Father,"  "Son,"  and  "Holy  Spirit."  These  are  con- 
firmed by  1  John  5:7:  "  For  there  are  three  that  bear  record  in 
heaven,  the  Father,  the  Word,  and  the  Holy  Spirit :  and  these 
three  are  one,'' 

In  the  Old  Testament,  this  idea  of  THnity  in  Unity,  is  plainly 
revealed  to  us.  Without  a  revelation  we  could  know  nothing 
of  God's  plan  touching  the  future ;  but  he  has  revealed  the 
plan  of  redemption  fully;  and  in  doing  this  much.  He  has, 
necessarily,  disclosed  to  us  His  own  mode  of  existence,  in  its 
execution,  in  detail.  This  He  has  taught  us  clearly  and  repeat- 
edly in  the  Old  Testament  as  in  the  New  ;  and  this  we  should 
naturally  expect,  for  ever}'^  time  this  word  "Elohim"  occurs 
[12] 


NOTE   ON    JONAH.  13 

(about  two  thousand  five  hundred),  it  is  practically,  a  reminder 
of  that  disclosure  which  was  made  in  Deut.  6  : 4.  Then,  the 
people  were  admonished  to  "hear,"  i.  e.,  to  give  fixed  attention 
to  what  was  to  follow,  and  it  was  said  :  **  Jehovah,  our  Elohim, 
[i.  e.  plural  or  triune  God]  is  each  one,  Jehovah."  This  is  that 
"great  and  dreadful  name,"  which  the  Jews  dare  not  utter,  and 
which  was  pronounced  only  once  a  year,  and  by  the  high  priest 
alone,  on  the  great  day  of  atonement.  We  believe  this  super- 
natural revelation,  not  because  we  understand  it,  but  because 
God  has  thus  revealed  Himself.  The  threefold  repetition  of  this 
great  name,  Jehovah,  in  Num.  6:24-26  is  further  and  strong 
proof  to  our  mind ;  and  the  threefold  ascription  of  holiness,  Isa. 
6  :  3,  is  confirmatory. 

It  seems  shocking  and  demoralizing  to  one's  faith,  for  a 
Christian  to  say,  like  the  infidels,  that  the  doctrine  of  the 
Trinity  cannot  be  found  in  the  Old  Testament,  as  in  the  New. 
Some  go  further,  and  claim  that  it  cannot  be  proven  from  any 
text  of  scripture.  I  beg  leave  to  disagree  with  all  who  hold  such 
opinions;  and  yet  the  late  Dr.  Charles  Hodge,  of  Princeton, 
N.  J.,  in  his  "Systematic  Theology,"  Vol.  1,  page  446,  writes: 
"No  such  doctrine  as  that  of  the  Trinity  can  be  adequately 
proved  by  any  citation  of  Scripture  passages.  Its  constituent 
elements  are  brought  into  view,  some  in  one  place  and  some  in 
another"  ;  and  thus  he  thinks  the  '  doctrine  can  be  most  satis- 
factorily established,"  And  yet  Hermann  Warzawiak,  a  con- 
verted Jew  and  superintendent  of  the  "American  Mission"  to 
the  Jews,  73  Bible  House,  N.  Y.,  says,  in  "The  Jewish  Chris- 
tian," Vol.  1,  No.  9,  of  September,  1895,  when  writing  of  the 
Trinity  :  "  There  is  no  other  doctrine,  in  the  Christian  religion, 
so  clearly  and  forcibly  presented  in  the  Old  Testament  Scriptures  as 
that  of  a  Triune  God,  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost."  How  far 
apart  are  he  and  Dr.  Hodge  ?  and  which  is  right  ? 

If  my  translation  of  Deut.  6  :  4  is  allowed,  then  the  reader 
will  admit  that  there  is  one  God,  eternally  existing  in  three  per- 
sons. Deity  is  ascribed  to  the  three,  not  only  by  the  distinct 
revelation,  but  because  of  their  peculiar  names,  titles,  works, 
etc.  Sacred  Scripture  speaks  of  these  three  persons  as  distinct 
from  each  other,  and  yet  they  are  one.  One  of  the  original  and 
eternal  three  took  unto  Himself,  personally,  that  "holy  thing" 
that  was  born  of  the  virgin,  and  thus  that  "  holy  thing,"  became 


14  NOTE    ON    JONAH. 

very  God  as  well  as  very  man  ;  and  thus  He  was,  and  is,  and  will 
ever  remain,  the  God  Man.  His  union  with  one  of  the  eternal 
three  seemed  to  unify  Him  with  the  other  two  ;  for  we  read  in 
Col.  2:  9,  "in  Him  dwelleth  all  the  fulness  of  the  Godhead, 
bodily  "  :  not  one  third  only,  but  the  entire  fulness.  The  word 
"Godhead,"  ''theiotecs''  (Rom.  1:  20)  is  used  abstractly,  and 
^HTieStees''''  (Col.  2 :  9)  is  used  personal!}',  and  they  signify  the 
divine  nature-  Each  word  denotes  that  infinite,  eternal,  and 
unchangeable  nature  or  essence  which  is  not  peculiar  to  the 
Father,  or  the  Son,  or  the  Holy  Spirit,  but  is  common  to  all  the 
three. 

Besides,  the  essential  union  between  the  three  persons  is  so 
perfect  that,  although  the  begetting  of  the  human  was  by  the 
third  person,  the  first  person  saj'S  of  Him  :  "  This  is  my  beloved 
Son,"  and  in  Jesus'  prayer  to  His  Father  (John  17:  21)  he  says: 
"  that  they  [believers]  may  be  one,  even  as  we  [three]  are  one." 
Here,  He  speaks  of  Himself  as  in  the  Trinity  itself,  which  He  is, 
by  virtue  of  His  union  with  the  second  person.  Is  it  not  re- 
markable, that  He,  the  Man,  said  to  God  His  Father  "I  will" 
(John  17 :  24) ;  and  that  the  Holy  Spirit  condescends  to  be  "sent " 
by  Him.     John  15  :  26. 

As  the  human  nature  of  the  virgin's  child  was  "begotten" 
by  the  Holy  Spirit,  it  will  show  the  God  nature  in  a  time  to 
come.  It  differs  from  all  other  natures  of  which  we  know  any 
thing.  The  two  natures  after  the  union,  still  remain  distinct, 
and  the  union  is  indissoluble.  Hence  some  things  are  peculiar  to 
His  human  nature  and  some  to  His  God  nature.  What  a  glori- 
ous man  He  is  ! 

God  is  one  in  three  persons ;  and  is  underived,  self-existent, 
and  independent,  without  beginning  and  without  end.  Glory 
be  to  His  great  name  Jehovah,  or  more  correctly,  Yahveh. 

The  traditional  pernicious  and  dangerous  Unitarian  teaching, 
as  to  the  meaning  of  "  Elohim,"  has  led  many  orthodox  men  to 
question  its  correctness.  Thus,  for  example.  Dr.  Elias  Riggs, 
in  his  note  on  Gen.  1  : 1,  in  his  Chaldee  grammar,  on  the  use  of 
''two  yodhs,"  as  an  abbreviation  of  "Jehovah  by  the  Jews," 
states:  "Others  affirm  that  its  original  form,  which  indeed 
appears  in  some  editions,  was  three  yodhs  to  express  Trinity ; 
and  that  later  Jews,  rejecting  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  preferred 
the  other  form  with  two  yodhs."    And  again:   On  the  history 


NOTE    ON    JONAH.  15 

of  the  Fall,  from  the  Targum  of  Onkelos,  he  adds  in  Gen.  3:1, 
"The  Paris  and  Antwerp  polyglots  read  with  three  yodhs.  The 
title  page  of  Munster's  Bibl.  Heb.  Basil.  1546,  exhibits  the 
form  of  three  yodhs."  I  have,  in  my  library,  a  polyglot  of  six 
languages,  printed  in  1599,  in  the  Chaldee  of  which  the 
name  "Elohim"  has  substituted  for  it  the  name  "Jehovah," 
written  with  three  yodhs.  When  the  two  words  "Jehovah  "  and 
"Elohim  "  come  together,  as  in  Gen.  2  :  4,  then  the  three  yodhs 
represent  Jehovah,  and  the  Chaldee  word  for  "Elohim"  is 
written  out. 

But  what  do  the  Jews  say  ?  Aben  Ezra  writes,  on  "  Elohim  " 
in  Gen.  1:1:  "After  that  we  have  found  Eloah  we  know  that 
Elohim  is  plural  number,  and  this  root  is  on  the  footing  of  the 
language  ;  for  there  is  to  every  language  a  form  of  honor,  and 
the  form  of  honor  of  one  speaking  in  a  foreign  tongue  is,  that 
one  should  say,  the  less  before  the  great,  in  the  plural  number  ; 
and  in  the  language  of  Ishmael,  the  form  of  honor  that  one 
should  speak  of  the  Great,  as  the  King,  should  be  in  the  plural 
number ;  and  in  the  Holy  Tongue  the  way  of  honor  speaking 
concerning  the  Great  is  in  the  plural  number  as:  'adonim' 
and  '  bealim  ;  *  and  so  the  words  alaiv,  ailaiv  and  adaiv,  there- 
fore it  is  said,  as  it  is  written,  bara  and  not  Urcoo."" 

Here  are  five  plural  words,  so  called,  Aben  Ezra  gives,  to 
show  that  it  was  common  to  the  Hebrew  language,  in  certain 
cases,  to  use  the  plural  with  a  singular  meaning.  The  two  first 
words  are  "adonim"  and  "bealim,"  and  they  are  plural  nouns 
and  have  nearly  the  same  meaning;  viz.,  that  of  master,  or 
owner.  Servants  used  the  plural  form  because  they  were 
subject  to  husband,  wife,  and  children.  This  was  natural 
and  proper.  It  therefore  proves  nothing,  that  a  plural  form 
was  used. 

The  other  three  forms  are  not  plural,  I  would  say.  They  are 
all  from  one  form  of  root,  and  that  the  weakest  in  the  language. 
They  are  from  what  is  called  "  Lamedh  He  "  verbs.  Originally 
these  were  "  lamedh  wav"  or  "  lamedh  yodh"  verbs,  though  some 
think  they  were  bi-literal  roots,  that  a  weak  letter  was  added  at 
the  end  of  the  primary  root,  and  thus  they  were  made  tri-literal. 
(See  note,  in  Nordheimer's  Grammar,  under  section  439,  also 
Gesenius'  Grammar,  section  103  :  3  and  foot-note,  where  it  is 
stated  that  these  words  may  be  traced  back  to  singular  forms.) 


IQ  NOTE    ON     JONAH. 

The  Rabbis  in  Aben  Ezra's  Unit'  tliought  tiuit  alatv,  ailau,  and 
adaiv  were  plural  forms,  and  they  look  like  them  ;  but  the 
scholarship  of  the  present  day  would,  I  think,  regard  them  as 
singular  forms,  the  weak  letter  he  being  supplanted  by  the  return 
of  the  original  yodli. 

Aben  Ezra,  is  the  only  one  of  the  great  Rabbis  of  the  past 
who  has  undertaken  to  explain  this  plural  use  of  "Elohim,"  as  far 
as  I  have  seen.  His  argument  is  based  mainly  on  the  usage  of 
language  generally  and  as  far  as  the  Hebrew  is  concerned,  lie 
fails  to  prove  it.  He  notices  the  fact  that  the  verb  "  create  "  is  in 
the  singular  with  its  plural  nominative,  but  that  only  shows  that 
there  is  unity  in  its  plurality,  since  the  word  is  a  peculiar  name 
of  Deity  and  is  sui  generis. 

I  quote  from  Dr.  Roy's  dictionary  as  follows:  "Rabbi 
Solomon  ben  Joachi  says  on  the  sixth  section  of  Leviticus : 
•  Come  and  behold  the  wonderful  mystery  in  the  word  "Elohim;" 
there  are  three  degrees,  and  each  degree  distinct  and  by  itself, 
and  yet  they  are  all  one,  and  formed  together  in  one,  and  are 
not  divided  nor  separated  from  each  other.'  " 

Matthew  Poole  makes  this  same  quotation  from  Rabbi  Joachi, 
and  he  remarks  on  Bara  Elohim  in  Gen.  1:1:  "Ad  verbum 
creavit  Dii,  insinuatur  his  pluralitas  in  Deo  cum  unitate  [licat 
Judaei  conentur  frivole  refellere]  "  :  and  he  adds,  as  making 
this  remark,  the  names  of  "Munster,"  "Paulus  Fagius," 
"Piscator,"  and  "  Ainsworth." 

It  is  a  traditional  Unitarian  bias  that  makes  "  Elohim  "  to  be, 
simply,  a  plural  of  excellency. 


NOTES  TO  HOSEA. 


HosEA  was  a  Prophet  of  the  Northern  Kingdom;  i.  e.,  of 
Israel.  It  was  800  to  725  b.  c.  The  kingdom  of  Israel  lasted  254 
years  (975  to  721).  It  was  destroyed  720  b.  c.  by  Shalmanezar's 
deporting  the  people  into  Assyria.  See  1  Kings  17  :  6  and  18  :  9. 
Hosea  writes  of  last  tilings,  as  follows  in  part :  — 

1  :4,  5,  A  battle  of  "  Jezreel,"  yet  to  be. 

1:5,  "in  that  day,"  a  prophetic  formula,  referring  to  the 
second  coming  of  Jesus.     So  also  at  2  :  18,  19,  22,  and  1 :  7. 

2:2,  or  1: 11  English  Version,  "day  of  Jezreel." 

3:5,  "  the  end  of  the  days  "  relates  to  the  future. 

4  :  12,  "worshiping  wood,"  idolatry  to  be. 

5  : 5  and  7  :  10,  "The  Proud  one,"  i.  e.,  Anti-Christ. 
5  :  8,  "He  "  is  the  Anti-Christ. 

5  :  11,  Anti-Christ. 

5  :  13  and  10  :  6,  King  "  Jareb  "  will  be  Anti-Christ. 

5  :  14,  The  "  Great  Tribulation  "  of  Daniel. 

7:2,  the  "King  "  is  Anti-Christ. 

7:5,  Anti-Christ  inaugurated  "King." 

8:1,  An  "Eagle,"  the  Anti-Christ. 

3,  "Enemy"  is  Anti-Christ. 

5,  "He"  is  Anti-Christ. 

10,  "  King  of  princes  "  is  Anti-Christ. 
9  :  3,  the  "  Slayer  "  is  Anti-Christ. 
10:2,  "He"  and  "He"  are  Anti-Christ. 

10,  The  nations  under  Anti-Christ. 

12,  second  coming  of  Jesus. 

14,  "  Shalman  "  is  probably  Anti-Christ. 

15,  King  of  Israel  is  Anti-Christ. 
11:5,  "  Assyrian  "  is  Anti-Christ. 

9,  second  coming  of  Jesus. 
13  :9,  The  "King"  is  Anti-Christ. 
15,  He  that  spoils  is  Anti-Christ. 

2  [17] 


18  HOSEA. 

CHAPTER  I. 

1  The  word  of  Jehovah  that  came  unto  Hosea,  Son  of  Beairi ; 
in  the  days  of  Uzziah,  Jotham,  Achaz,  Jechizchiyah,  kings  of 
Judah  :  and  in  the  days  of  Jeroboam  son  of  Joash,  king  of  Israel. 

2  The  beginning  of  the  word  of  Jehovah  by  Hosea:  and 
Jehovah  said  unto  Hosea,  go  take  to  thee  a  wife  of  whoredoms 
and  children  of  whoredoms  ;  for  the  land  shall  certainly  commit 
whoredom  ;  from  follov/ing  Jehovah. 

3  And  he  went  and  took  ;  Gomer,  daughter  of  Diblayim  :  and 
she  conceived  and  she  bare  to  him  a  son. 

4  And  Jehovah  said  unto  him  ;  call  his  name  Jezreel :  for  yet 
a  little,  and  I  will  visit  the  blood  of  Jezreel  upon  the  house  of 
Jehu ;  and  I  will  cause  to  cease ;  the  kingdom  of  the  house  of 
Israel. 

5  And  it  shall  be,  "in  that  day  "  :  [a  future  prophecy]  that  I 
will  break  the  bow  of  Israel ;  in  the  valley  of  Jezreel. 

6  And  she  conceived  again,  and  she  bare  a  daughter  ;  and  he 
said  to  him  ;  call  her  name  "Lo-ruchamah  :"  for  I  will  not  yet  have 
mercy  with  the  house  of  Israel  that  I  should  freely  pardon  them. 

7  But  with  the  house  of  Judah  I  will  have  mercy ;  and  I  will 
save  them  by  Jehovah  their  God ;  and  I  will  not  save  them  by 
bow,  nor  by  sword,  nor  by  battle ;  by  horses  nor  by  horsemen. 
[This  miracle  is  to  occur  when  Jesus  returns.] 

8  And  she  weaned  Lo-ruchamah :  and  she  conceived  and 
bare  a  son. 

9  And  He  said  :  call  his  name  "  Lo-Ammi  "  :  for  ye  are  not 
my  people ;  and  I  will  not  be  for  you. 

CHAPTER  II. 

1  [In  Hebrew  Bible  or  1 :  10  in  English  version.]  And  the 
number  of  the  children  of  Israel  shall  be  like  the  sand  of  the 
sea ;  which  cannot  be  measured  nor  counted  ;  and  it  shall  be  in 
the  place  where  it  shall  be  said  to  them  ye  are  not  my  people; 
it  shall  be  said  of  them  "sons  of  the  living  God." 

2  [The  future  union  of  the  two  nations  here  predicted.]  And 
they  the  children  of  Judah  and  the  children  of  Israel  shall  be 
gathered  together ;  and  they  shall  put  one  head  to  them,  and  they 
shall  ascend  from  the  earth  :  for  great  [shall  be]  the  day  of 
Jezreel.     [This  will  be  a  second  miracle,  the  first  is  in  1 : 7.] 


HOSEA.  19 

3  Say  ye  to  your  brethren,  "My  people :  "  and  to  your  sisters, 
"beloved." 

4  Contend  ye  against  your  mother,  contend  ye ;  for  she  is  not 
my  wife ;  and  I  am  not  her  husband  :  let  her  now  remove  her 
whoredoms,  from  before  her;  and  her  adulteries  from  between 
her  breasts. 

5  Lest  I  shall  strip  her  naked  ;  and  I  shall  set  her ;  as  in  the 
day  she  was  born  :  and  I  shall  place  her  like  the  wilderness,  and 
set  her  in  a  dry  land ;  and  I  shall  kill  her  with  thirst. 

6  And  I  will  not  have  pity  with  her  children :  for  they  are 
children  of  whoredoms. 

7  For  their  mother  has  whored  ;  she  that  conceived  them  has 
caused  shame  :  for  she  hath  said,  I  will  go  after  my  lovers,  the 
givers  of  my  bread  and  my  water  ;  my  wool  and  my  flax  ;  my  oil 
and  my  driuK. 

8  Therefore  behold  me  hedging  thy  way  with  thorns:  and  I 
will  build  her  wall ;  and  her  paths  she  shall  not  find. 

9  And  she  shall  pursue  her  lovers,  and  shall  not  overtake 
them ;  and  she  shall  seek  them,  but  shall  not  find  them  :  and  she 
shall  say,  I  will  go  and  I  will  return  unto  my  first  husband  ;  for 
it  was  then  better  to  me  than  now. 

10  And  she  did  not  acknowledge  that  I  have  given  to  her ; 
the  corn  and  the  new  wine  and  oil  :  and  that  I  have  multiplied 
silver  to  her,  and  gold  they  have  offered  to  the  Baal. 

11  Therefore  I  will  return,  and  I  will  take  my  corn  in  its 
time  ;  and  my  new  wine  in  its  season  :  and  I  will  snatch  away 
my  wool  and  my  flax  ;  for  covering  their  nakedness. 

12  And  now,  I  will  reveal  their  folly,  to  the  eyes  of  her 
lovers  :  and  no  man  shall  deliver  her  from  my  hand. 

13  And  I  will  cause  all  her  gladness  to  cease  ;  her  festival, 
her  new  moon  and  her  Sabbath :  and  all  her  appointed 
feasts. 

14  And  I  will  destroy  her  vine  and  her  fig  tree  ;  which  she 
said  a  gift  they  are  to  me  ;  which  my  lovers  have  given  to  me : 
and  I  will  make  them  for  a  forest  ;  and  the  beast  of  the  field 
shall  consume  them. 

15  And  I  will  visit  upon  her,  the  days  of  the  Baalim,  when 
she  used  to  burn  incense  to  them  ;  and  she  decked  herself  with 
her  earrings  and  her  jewelry ;  and  she  went  after  her  lovers ; 
and  me  she  forgot,  saith  Jehovah. 


20  IIOSEA. 

10  Thereforo,  behold  I  am  persuading  her ;  and  I  will  bring 
her  to  the  wilderness  :  and  I  will  speak  to  her  heart. 

17  And  I  will  give  to  her  her  vineyards  from  thence ;  and  the 
valley  of  Achor  for  a  door  of  expectation  :  and  she  shall  sing 
there  like  the  days  of  her  youth ;  and  like  the  day  of  her  coining 
up  from  the  land  of  Egypt. 

18  And  it  shall  be  "m  that  day''  [a  prophetic  formula]  saith 
Jehovah  ;  thou  shalt  call  me  my  husband  :  and  thou  shalt  not 
call  me  again  my  baal. 

19  And  I  will  remove  the  names  of  the  Baalim  from  her 
mouth  :  and  they  shall  not  be  remembered  again  by  their  name. 

20  And  I  will  ratify  to  them  a  covenant  in  that  day  [of  His 
second  coming]  ;  with  the  beast  of  the  field  and  with  the  fowl  of 
the  heaven ;  and  the  creeping  things  of  the  ground  :  and  bow 
and  sword  and  war  I  will  break  from  the  earth  ;  and  I  will  cause 
them  to  lie  down  confidently. 

21  And  I  will  betroth  thee  to  me  forever :  yea  I  will  betroth 
thee  to  me  in  righteousness  and  in  judgment ;  and  in  mercy  and 
in  compassion. 

22  And  I  will  betroth  thee  to  me  in  faith  :  and  thou  shalt 
know  Jehovah. 

23  And  it  shall  be  in  that  day  [of  His  second  coming],  I  will 
answer  saith  Jehovah  I  will  answer  the  heavens :  and  they,  they 
shall  answer  the  earth. 

24  And  the  earth  shall  answer  the  corn,  and  the  new  wine 
and  the  oil :  and  they,  they  shall  answer  Jezreel. 

25  And  I  will  sow  her  to  me  in  the  land  :  and  I  will  have 
compassion  with  Lo-ruchamrh  .•  and  I  will  say  to  Lo-Ammi 
thou  art  my  people,  and  he  shall  say  "My  God." 

CHAPTER  III. 

1  And  Jehovah  said  unto  me,  Go  again,  love  a  woman 
beloved  of  a  friend,  and  an  adulteress  :  like  the  love  of  Jehovah 
with  the  children  of  Israel ;  and  they  are  turning  to  other  Gods  ; 
and  are  lovers  of  grape  cakes. 

2  And  I  bought  her  for  myself ;  with  fifteen  of  silver  and  a 
cho'iner  of  barley  and  a  lethek  of  barley. 

3  And  I  said  unto  her,  many  days  thou  shalt  abide  [true]  to 
me  ;  thou  shalt  not  whore  ;  nor  shalt  thou  be  to  [another]  man  : 
and  I  also  [will  be  true]  unto  thee. 


HOSEA.  21 

4  For  many  days,  the  children  of  Israel  shall  abide ;  without 
a  King,  and  without  a  Prince  ;  and  without  a  sacrifice,  and 
without  a  standing  image  :  and  without  an  ephod  or  teraphim. 

5  After  that  the  children  of  Israel  shall  return  ;  and  they 
shall  seek  Jehovah  their  God  ;  and  David  their  King :  and  they 
shall  fear  on  account  of  Jehovah  and  on  account  of  His  good- 
ness, in  the  end  of  the  days.  [This  is  also  a  prophetic  formula 
marking  the  return  of  Jesus]. 

CHAPTER  ly. 

1  Hear  ye  the  word  of  Jehovah  O  children  of  Israel :  for 
there  is  contention  of  Jehovah,  with  the  inhabitants  of  the 
land ;  for  there  is  no  truth  and  there  is  no  mercy  and  there  is 
no  knowledge  of  God  in  the  land. 

2  There  is  swearing  and  lying;  and  murdering  and  stealing 
and  committing  adultery :  they  have  broken  out  and  blood 
against  blood  have  touched. 

3  Therefore  the  land  shall  mourn,  and  every  inhabitant  in 
it  languishing,  with  the  beasts  of  the  field,  and  with  the  fowl 
of  the  heavens :  and  even  the  fishes  of  the  sea  shall  be  taken 
away. 

4  Only  a  man  should  not  strive  nor  seek  to  set  right  another  : 
and  thy  people  are  like  striving  with  the  priests, 

5  And  thou  shalt  stumble  by  day  ;  and  the  prophet  shall 
stumble  with  thee  at  night :  and  I  will  destroy  thy  mother. 

6  My  people  have  been  destroyed  for  lack  of  the  knowledge  : 
for  those,  the  knowledge  thou  hast  rejected,  and  I  will  reject 
thee  from  being  a  priest  to  me  ;  seeing  that  thou  hast  forgotten 
the  law  of  thy  God  ;  I  will  forget  thy  sons,  even  I. 

7  According  as  they  multiplied  they  sinned  against  me  :  their 
glory  into  shame  I  will  change. 

8  The  sin-offering  of  my  people  they  will  eat :  and  they  shall 
each  one  bear  the  guilt  of  their  iniquity. 

9  And  it  shall  be  as  to  the  people  so  to  the  priest :  and  I 
will  visit  his  ways  upon  him  and  his  doings  I  will  recompense 
to  him. 

10  And  they  shall  eat,  but  they  shall  not  be  satisfied  ;  they 
have  whored,  but  they  shall  not  increase:  for  they  have  ceased 
to  observe  Jehovah. 


22  HOSEA. 

11  Whoredom  and  wiiio  and  new  wine,  will  tako  the  heart. 

12  My  people  will  ask  of  its  wood  [as  to  the  future]  ;  and  its 
staff  will  tell  it :  for  a  spirit  of  whoredom  has  seduced  ;  and  they 
have  whored  from  under  their  God. 

13  Upon  the  tops  of  the  mountains  they  would  sacrifice,  and 
upon  the  hills  they  would  burn  incense  ;  under  the  oak  and 
poplar,  and  the  terebinths,  for  lu-r  shade  is  good  :  therefore  your 
daughters  shall  whore,  and  your  daughters  in  law  shall  commit 
adultery. 

14  I  will  not  inflict  punishment  upon  your  daughters  when 
they  shall  whore;  nor  upon  your  daughters  in  law  when  they 
shall  commit  adultery;  for  they  with  harlots  go  aside;  and 
with  holy  maidens  they  will  sacrifice :  and  a  people  that  will 
not  understand  shall  be  prostrated. 

15  If  thou  art  whoring,  O  Israel ;  let  not  Judah  be  guilty  : 
and  5^e  shall  not  come  to  Gilgal,  nor  shall  ye  ascend  to  Bethaven  ; 
nor  shall  ye  be  sworn  "Jehovah  liveth." 

16  For  Israel  has  been  refractory  like  a  refractory  cow :  now, 
Jehovah  will  feed  them  like  a  lamb  in  a  broad  place. 

17  Ephraim  is  bound  to  idols  :  let  him  alone. 

18  Their  carousal  is  gone :  whoring  they  have  whored :  her 
shields  have  loved,  they  have  loved  shame. 

19  The  wind  hath  bound  her  up  in  its  wings  :  and  they  shall 
be  ashamed  because  of  their  sacrifices. 

CHAPTER  V. 

1  Hear  ye  this  O  Priests,  and  attend  O  house  of  Israel,  and 
hearken  ye  O  house  of  the  King;  for  to  you  is  the  judgment: 
for  ye  have  been  a  snare  to  Mizpah  ;  and  a  net,  spread  upon 
Tabor. 

2  And  slaughtering  the}'  that  have  turned  aside  have  acted 
deeply  :  and  I  [will  be]  a  chastisement  for  them  all. 

3  I  have  known  Ephraim ;  and  Israel  has  not  been  hid  from 
me  :  for  now  thou  hast  whored,  O  Ephraim  ;  thou  hast  become 
unclean,  O  Israel. 

4  They  will  not  give  up  their  doings  to  return  unto  their  God  : 
for  the  spirit  of  whoredoms  is  in  their  midst ;  and  they  have  not 
known  Jehovah. 

5  And  the  Proud  one  of  Israel,  [the  Anti-Christ  to  be]  shall 
speak  before  him  :  and  Ephraim  and  Israel  shall  be  stumbled  in 


HOSEA.  23 

their  iniquity ;   even  Judah  has  begun  to  stumble  with  them. 
[In  supporting  claims  of  the  A.  C] 

6  With  their  flocks  and  with  their  herds  will  the}'-  go  to  seek 
Jehovah,  and  shall  not  find  [Him]  :  He  has  withdrawn  from 
them. 

7  Against  Jehovah  they  have  acted  treacherously;  for  they 
have  begotten  strange  children  :  now,  a  month  shall  consume 
them  with  their  portion.     [This  is  all  future  under  the  A.  C] 

[Begins  a  new  paragraph  and  a  new,  though  related,  subject]  : 

8  Blow  ye  the  Cornet  in  Gibeah  ;  the  Trumpet  in  Ramah  ; 
the  war-cry  Bethaven  ;  He  [the  A.  C]  is  after  thee  O  Benjamin. 

9  Ephraim  shall  be  for  a  desolation  ;  in  the  day  of  punish- 
ment :  among  the  tribes  of  Israel  I  have  made  [it]  known,  it  is 
sure. 

10  The  princes  of  Judah  have  been  ;  like  the  drawers  back  of 
the  boundary  line  :  upon  them  ;  I  will  i)our  out  my  wrath  like 
water. 

11  Ephraim  is  oppressed,  he  is  broken  in  pieces  by  judgment : 
for  he  was  willing ;  he  went  according  to  the  commandment. 
[To  be  issued  by  the  A.  C] 

12  And  I  will  be  like  the  moth  to  Ephraim  :  and  like  the  rot 
to  the  house  of  Judah. 

13  And  Ephraim  saw  his  sickness,  and  Judah  his  sore  ;  and 
Ephraim  went  to  Assyria  ;  and  he  sent  unto  king  Jareb  :  [a  name 
for  the  A.  C]  and  he  shall  not  be  able  to  heal  you ;  nor  shall  he 
cure  any  of  you  of  the  sore. 

14  For  I  shall  be  as  the  lion  to  Ephraim  ;  and  like  the  young 
lion  to  the  house  of  Judah  :  I,  I,  I  will  tear  in  pieces,  and  I  will 
go  away  ;  I  will  carry  off,  and  there  is  none  delivering. 

15  I  will  go  away,  I  will  return  unto  my  place ;  until  that 
they  shall  suffer  the  punishment  of  their  guilt,  and  they  shall 
seek  my  face  :  in  their  distress  [the  Great  Trihulatmi  foretold  by 
Daniel]  they  shall  seek  me  early. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

1  [At  the  end  of  the  Gi^eat  Tribulation  they  say  :  ]  Come  ye, 
and  we  will  return  unto  Jehos^ah  ;  for  He  has  torn  and  He  will 
heal  us  :  He  hath  smitten  and  he  will  bind  us  up. 

2  He  will  revive  us  after  two  days :  on  the  third  day  He  will 
raise  us  up,  and  we  shall  live  before  Him. 


24  nosEA. 

3  And  we  shall  know,  we  shall  follow  on  to  know  Jehovah  ; 
His  going  forth  is  fixed  like  the  nAorning  :  and  He  shall  come  to 
us  as  the  rain  ;  like  the  latter  rain  shall  water  the  earth. 

4  What  shall  I  do  to  thee  O  Ephraim  ;  what  shall  I  do  to 
thee  O  Judah  :  seeing  that  your  favor  is  like  a  cloud  of  the 
morning  ;  and  is  going  like  the  early  dew  : 

5  Therefore,  I  have  hewed  down  by  the  prophets  ;  I  have 
slain  them  by  the  words  of  my  mouth  :  and  thy  judgments  are 
as  a  light  shall  go  forth. 

6  For  I  have  delighted  in  mercy,  and  not  sacrifice :  and 
knowledge  of  God,  more  than  burnt  offerings. 

7  But  they!  like  Adam  have  transgressed  the  Covenant  :  there 
they  have  acted  treacherously  against  me. 

8  Gilead  !  is  a  city  of  workers  of  iniquity:  marked  with 
blood. 

9  And  as  troops  lying  in  wait  for  man,  a  company  of  priests  ; 
on  the  road  to  Shechem  they  will  murder :  for  they  have  acted 
an  evil  thought. 

10  In  the  house  of  Israel ;  I  have  seen  a  horrible  thing  :  there 
is  whoredom  to  Ephraim  ;  Israel  has  been  defiled. 

11  Also  O  Judah  ;  he  hath  placed  a  harvest  for  thee  :  on  my 
returning  the  captivity  of  my  people. 

CHAPTEK  VII. 

1  About  the  time  of  my  healing  to  Israel  then  the  iniquity  of 
Ephraim  shall  be  revealed  and  the  wickedness  of  Samaria  ;  for 
they  have  wrought  a  lie  :  and  the  thief  shall  come  ;  a  troop  has 
stripped  without. 

2  And  they  shall  not  say  to  their  heart  [that]  I  remember  all 
their  wickedness  :  now  their  deeds  have  surrounded  them  ;  they 
have  been  before  my  face. 

3  In  their  wickedness  they  shall  make  glad  the  King  :  [Anti- 
Christ]  and  with  their  lies  the  princes. 

4  All  of  them  are  adulterers  ;  like  an  oven  heated  by  the 
baker :  he  shall  cease  from  stirring ;  from  kneading  the  dough, 
until  it  is  leavened. 

5  On  the  day  of  [the  inauguration  of]  our  King  [Anti-Christ] 
the  princes  became  sick  with  heat  of  wine  :  he  [the  King]  has 
held  out  his  hand  with  scorn ers. 


HOSEA.  25 

6  For  they  have  drawn  their  heart  near  like  an  oven  in  their 
plot :  all  the  night  their  baker  is  sleeping;  in  the  morning  !  it  is 
burning  like  a  flame  of  fire. 

7  All  of  them  shall  be  heated  like  the  oven ;  and  they  shall 
consume  their  judges  :  all  their  Kings  have  fallen  ;  there  is  none 
among  them  calling  unto  me. 

8  Ephraim ;  among  the  peoples,  he  shall  mix  himself : 
Ephraim  has  been  a  cake  not  turned. 

9  Strangers  have  devoured  his  strength ;  and  he  did  not 
know  it :  yea,  gray  hair  is  sprinkled  upon  him  ;  and  he  has  not 
known  it. 

10  And  the  Proud  one  of  Israel  shall  speak  before  him  :  and 
they  shall  not  turn  unto  Jehovah  their  God  ;  nor  shall  they  seek 
Him  for  all  this. 

11  And  Ephraim  was ;  as  a  simple  dove,  without  heart :  to 
Egypt  they  called,  to  Assyria  they  went. 

12  As  soon  as  they  shall  go  I  will  spread  my  net  over  them  ; 
like  as  a  bird  of  the  heaven  I  will  bring  them  down :  I  will 
chastise  them  ;  as  a  report  to  their  congregation. 

13  Woe  to  them  !  for  they  have  wandered  from  me  ;  destruc- 
tion is  to  them,  for  they  have  transgressed  against  me :  and  I, 
I  will  redeem  them  ;  but  they  ;  they  have  spoken  lies  against  me. 

14.  And  they  have  not  cried  unto  me  with  their  heart ;  but 
they  shall  howl  upon  their  beds  :  on  account  of  corn  and  new 
wine  they  shall  assemble  themselves,  they  shall  rebel  against  me. 

15  And  I,  I  admonished  ;  I  strengthened  their  arms  :  and 
against  me  they  will  impute  evil. 

16  They  shall  return,  not  to  the  Most  High ;  They  have  been 
like  a  deceitful  bow ;  their  princes  shall  fall  by  the  sword,  for 
the  anger  of  their  tongue  :  this  shall  be  for  a  derision  in  the  land 
of  Egypt. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

1  The  cornet  to  thy  mouth  ;  like  an  eagle  [the  Anti-Christ 
Cometh]  against  the  house  of  Jehovah :  because  they  have 
passed  over  my  covenant ;  and  against  my  law  have  they 
transgressed. 

2  To  me,  they  shall  cry  :    My  God,  we,  Israel,  have  known  thee. 

3  [God  replies]  Israel  has  cast  off  good  :  the  enemy  [A.  C] 
shall  pursue  him. 


26  HOSEA. 

4  They  have  caused  Kings  to  reign,  but  not  from  me;  they 
have  made  princes  and  I  knew  it  not:  [At  Isa.  10:8  the  A.  C. 
boasts  that  his  princes  are  all  kings]  of  their  silver  and  their 
gold  thoy  have  made  idols  for  tliemselves ;  in  order  that  he 
[Israel]  may  be  cut  off. 

5  He  [the  A.  C]  hath  cast  away  thy  calf,  O  Samaria;  my 
anger  is  kindled  against  them  :  how  long  !  they  will  not  attain 
to  innocency. 

G  For  it  is  from  Israel,  and  it ;  a  carpenter  made  it ;  and  it 
is  no  God  :  for  it  shall  become  flames  ;  the  calf  of  Samaria. 

7  For  they  shall  sow  the  wind'and  they  shall  reap  the  whirl- 
wind :  there  is  no  standing  corn,  the  shoot  shall  not  make  meal ; 
peradventure  it  should  make  it  strangers  shall  swallow  it  down. 

8  Israel  has  been  swallowed  down  :  now  they  have  become 
among  the  nations  wherein  is  no  delight. 

9  For  they  have  gone  up  to  Assyria  ;  a  wild  ass  alone  to  him- 
self :  Ephraim,  they  have  hired  lovers. 

10  Even,  though  they  shall  hire  among  the  nations  now  I  will 
gather  them  :  and  they  shall  begin  to  be  few  ;  from  the  burden 
of  the  King  of  Princes  [i.  e.,  the  Anti-Christ]. 

11  Because  Ephraim  hath  multiplied  altars  to  sin  :  altars 
have  been  to  him  to  sin. 

12  I  would  write  for  him  the  many  things  of  my  law :  [but] 
they  were  counted  a  strange  thing. 

13  [Of]  My  sacrificial  offerings  they  are  accustomed  to  slay 
flesh  and  eat ;  Jehovah  has  not  accepted  them  :  how  He  will  re- 
member their  iniquity,  and  He  will  punish  their  sin  ;  they  shall 
return  to  Egypt  [Deut.  28 :  68,  in  ships] . 

14  And  Israel  hath  forgotten  his  maker,  and  he  has  built 
palaces ;  and  Judah ;  hath  multiplied  buttressed  cities :  and  I 
will  send  a  fire  in  his  cities  ;  and  I  will  consume  her  palaces. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

1  Do  not  be  glad,  O  Israel,  for  exultation  like  the  peoples  ; 
for  thou  hast  committed  whoredom  from  thy  God  :  thou  hast 
loved  a  gift  upon  all  threshing  floors  of  corn. 

2  The  threshing  floor  and  the  wine  vat  shall  not  feed  them : 
and  the  new  wine  shall  fail  in  her. 

3  They  shall  not  dwell  in  the  land  of  Jehovah  :  but  Ephraim 
shall  return  to  Egypt ;  and  in  Assyria  they  shall  eat  the  unclean. 


HOSEA.  27 

4  They  shall  not  pour  out  wine  to  Jehovah,  nor  shall  they  be 
pleasing  to  Him  :  their  slain  offerings  shall  be  to  them  as  the 
bread  of  mourners  ;  all  its  eaters  shall  be  polluted  :  for  their 
bread  is  for  themselves  ;  it  shall  not  come  into  the  house  of 
Jehovah. 

5  What  will  ye  do  for  the  day  of  the  assembly'  :  even  for  the 
day  of  the  feast  of  Jehovah. 

6  For,  behold,  they  are  gone  awaj'  because  of  the  destruction 
[future]  ;  Egypt  shall  gather  them  up,  Moph  shall  bury  them  : 
that  which  is  desirable  of  their  silver,  nettles  shall  possess  them  ; 
the  thorn  shall  be  in  their  tents. 

7  The  days  of  the  visitation  have  come,  the  days  of  the  retri- 
bution have  come  ;  Israel  shall  acknowledge  it :  a  fool  was  the 
prophet,  a  madman  the  man  of  spirit  because  of  the  greatness  of 
thy  iniquity  ;  and  the  great  enmity. 

8  Ephraim  is  watching  with  my  God  :  [for  help  or  to  see 
what  He  will  do]  the  prophet  shall  be  a  snare  of  a  fowler  in  all 
his  ways  ;  enmity  shall  be  in  the  house  of  his  God. 

9  They  have  deeply  corrupted  themselves  as  the  days  of 
Gibeah  :  He  will  remember  their  iniquity  ;  He  will  punish  their 
sins. 

10  Like  the  grapes  in  the  wilderness,  I  have  found  Israel; 
like  the  first  ripe  in  the  fig  tree,  in  her  beginning,  I  had  seen 
your  fathers  :  they,  they  came  to  Baal  Peor,  and  they  were  sepa- 
rated to  that  shame  ;  and  they  were  abominable  like  that  they 
loved. 

11  Ephraim  ;  their  glory  shall  fly  away  like  the  bird  :  there 
shall  be  no  birth,  or  pregnancy  or  conception. 

12  But  if  they  should  rear  up  their  children  ;  3^et  I  would 
bereave  them  from  there  being  a  man  :  but  woe  also  to  them  on 
my  departing  from  them. 

13  I  have  seen  Ephraim  like  to  Tyre  planted  in  a  pleasant 
place  :  but  Ephraim  is  to  bring  out  to  the  slayer  [A.  C]  his  chil- 
dren. 

14  Give  to  them,  Jehovah,  what  thou  will  give  :  Give  to 
them  a  miscarrying  womb  and  dry  breasts. 

15  All  their  wickedness  is  in  Gilgal,  for  there  I  have  hated 
them  ;  on  account  of  the  wickedness  of  their  doings  I  will  drive 
them  from  my  house  :  I  will  not  love  them  any  more  ;  all  their 
princes  are  revolters. 


28  HOSEA. 

16  Ephraim  has  been  smitten  :  their  root  is  dried  up,  they 
shall  bear  no  fruit :  yea,  if  they  shall  bc;!^ot ;  3'et  would  I  slay  the 
treasures  of  their  belly. 

17  My  God  will  reject  them,  for  they  have  not  hearkened 
unto  Him  :  and  they  shall  be  wanderers  among  the  nations. 

CHAPTER  X. 

1  Israel  is  a  spreading  vine  ;  fruit  it  shall  set  to  itself:  ac- 
cording to  the  abundance  of  his  fruit  he  hath  multiplied  the 
Altars;  according  to  the  goodness  of  his  land  they  have  made 
good  images. 

2  Their  heart  is  smooth,  now  shall  they  suffer  the  punish- 
ment of  their  guilt :  he,  [the  A.  C]  shall  cut  off  their  altars ;  he 
[A.  C]  will  destroy  their  images. 

3  For,  now  they  will  say,  there  is  no  King  to  us  :  for  we  have 
not  feared  Jehovah  ;  and  the  King  what  shall  he  do  for  us  ? 

4  They  have  spoken  words ;  swearing  falsely  to  ratify  a 
covenant:  and  judgment  shall  spring  up  like  a  poisonous  herb 
upon  the  furrows  of  the  field. 

5  Because  of  the  calves  of  Beth-aven  ;  they  shall  fear,  [every] 
dweller  of  Samaria  :  for  its  people  have  mourned  on  its  account, 
and  its  idolatrous  priests  would  rejoice  over  its  glory,  but  that  it 
has  disappeared  from  it. 

6  Also  it  to  Assyria  shall  be  brought ;  a  present  to  King  Jareb 
[the  A.  C]  :  shame  Ephraim  shall  receive  ;  and  Israel  shall  be 
ashamed  because  of  his  counsel. 

7  As  for  Samaria  her  King  has  been  cut  off :  like  a  chip  upon 
the  face  of  the  waters. 

8  And  the  high  places  of  Aven,  the  sin  of  Israel  shall  be  de- 
stroyed ;  thorn  and  thistle  ;  shall  ascend  upon  their  altars  :  and 
they  shall  say  to  the  mountains  cover  ye  us  ;  and  to  the  hills  fall 
ye  upon  us. 

9  From  the  days  of  Gibeah  ;  thou  hast  sinned,  O  Israel  :  there 
they  have  stood  ;  war  against  the  children  of  iniquitj'  did  not 
overtake  them  in  Gibeah. 

10  It  is  in  my  desire  and  I  will  chastise  them  :  and  the  na- 
tions shall  be  gathered  together  [under  the  A.  C]  against  them  ; 
when  they  are  bound  for  their  two  iniquities  [the  two  calves]. 

11  And  Ephraim   is  a  well-taught  heifer  loving  to  thresh : 


HOSEA.  29 

but  I  have  passed  over  on  her  fair  neck :  I  will  cause  Ephraim  to 
ride,  Judah  shall  plow ;  Jacob  shall  break  his  clods  for  him. 

12  Sow  to  yourselves  for  righteousness,  reap  according  to 
kindness ;  cultivate  for  j^ourselves  virgin  soil :  seeing  that  it  is 
time  to  seek  Jehovah ;  until  He  shall  come  [second  coming]  and 
He  shall  teach  righteousness  to  you. 

13  Ye  have  plowed  wickedness,  ye  have  reaped  iniquity,  ye 
have  eaten  the  fruit  of  lying  :  because  thou  hast  confided  in  thy 
way,  in  the  multitude  of  thy  mighty  men, 

14  And  a  tumult  shall  arise  against  thy  people,  and  all  thy 
fortresses  shall  be  destroyed  ;  according  to  the  destruction  of 
Shalman  [A.  C.  ?]  at  Beth-arbel  in  the  day  of  battle  :  the  mother 
upon  her  children  was  dashed  to  pieces.  [Nothing  is  known 
concerning  this  devastation,  because  it  is  yet  future.] 

15  Like  this  Bethel  has  done  to  you ;  because  of  the  wicked- 
ness of  your  wickedness :  in  the  early  morning  !  the  King  of 
Israel  [A.  C]  shall  certainly  be  cut  off. 

CHAPTER  XI. 

1  When  Israel  was  young  then  I  loved  him  :  and  I  called  to 
my  son  out  of  Egypt. 

2  They  called  to  them  :  so  they  went  from  before  them  ;  to 
the  Baalim  they  used  to  sacrifice  ;  and  to  the  graven  images  they 
used  to  burn  incense. 

3  And  I,  I  taught  to  Ephraim  to  walk  ;  taking  them  by  his 
arms  :  and  they  knew  not  that  I  healed  them. 

4  With  cords  of  a  man  I  used  to  draw  them,  with  chains  of 
love  ;  and  I  was  to  them  as  those  who  lift  up  the  yoke  upon  their 
jaws :  and  gently  toward  him  I  caused  [him]  to  eat. 

5  He  shall  not  return  to  Egypt ;  seeing  that  the  Assyrian 
[A.  C]  he  is  his  King  :  because  they  refused  to  return. 

6  And  the  sword  shall  whirl  about  in  his  cities  ;  and  shall 
consume  his  bars  and  devour  them :  because  of  their  own 
devices. 

7  And  my  people  are  hung  in  suspense  for  my  return  :  and 
unto  the  Most  High  they  will  call  for  Him  ;  together  they  will 
not  exalt. 

8  How  shall  I  give  thee  up  O  Ephraim,  shall  I  deliver  thee,  O 
Israel ;  how  shall  I  give  thee  up  as  Admah ;  shall  I  place  thee  as 


30  HOSEA. 

Zeboim  :  my  heart  has  been  turned  within  me  ;  my  compassions 
have  been  kindled  together. 

9  I  will  not  execute  the  fierceness  of  my  anger  ;  I  will  not  re- 
turn [second  coming]  to  destroy  Ephraim  :  for  I  am  God  and 
not  man  ;  the  Holy  One  in  thy  midst ;  and  I  will  not  come  [sec- 
ond coming]  in  wrath. 

10  After  Jehovah  [when  he  comes]  they  will  go,  like  a  lion 
He  shall  roar  :  when  He  shall  roar  then  the  children  [the  Jews] 
shall  hasten  together  from  the  West. 

11  They  shall  hasten  together  as  a  bird  out  of  Egypt ;  and  as 
a  dove  from  the  land  of  Assyria  :  and  I  will  cause  them  to  dwell 
in  their  own  houses  saith  Jehovah. 

CHAPTER  XII. 

1  Ephraim  hath  surrounded  me  with  lying ;  and  the  house 
of  Israel  with  deceit :  and  Judah  yet  rambles  away  against  God  ; 
and  with  the  Holy  Ones  [the  Trinity]  is  he  faithful. 

2  Ephraim  is  feeding  on  wind;  and  pursuing  the  East 
Wind ;  all  the  day  !  Lying  and  destruction  he  will  cause  to 
increase :  and  a  covenant  with  Assyria  [see  Isaiah  28-15,  17] 
they  will  ratify ;  and  oil  to  Egypt  shall  be  carried. 

3  And  a  controversy  [shall  be]  to  Judah  from  Jehovah :  and 
to  punish  Jacob  according  to  his  ways ;  according  to  his  deeds 
He  will  recompense  him. 

4  In  the  belly  he  took  his  brother  by  the  heel :  and  by  his 
strength  he  strove  with  God. 

5  And  he  strove  with  the  Angel  and  prevailed  ;  he  wept  and 
he  himself  made  supplication  to  Him  :  at  Bethel  he  used  to  find 
Him  ;  and  there  He  used  to  speak  with  us. 

6  Even  Jehovah,  God  of  Hosts  :  Jehovah  is  His  manchild. 

7  And  thou,  unto  thy  God  thou  shalt  return  :  mercy  and  judg- 
ment keep  thou  ;  and  wait  for  thy  God  continually.  [The  verb 
"wait "  means  to  do  so  with  expectation  for  His  coming]. 

8  As  for  Canaan,  in  his  hand  are  the  scales  of  deceit,  he 
loveth  to  oppress. 

9  And  Ephraim  said ;  truly  I  am  rich ;  I  have  found  wealth 
for  myself  :  it  is  all  my  labor ;  they  will  not  find  against  me 
iniquity  that  is  sin. 

10  And  I  am   Jehovah   thy  God  from   the  land  of  Egypt : 


HOSEA.  31 

again,  I  will  cause  thee  to  dwell  in  tents  as  in  the  days  of  the 
solemn  feast. 

11  And  I  used  to  speak  by  the  prophets;  and  I,  a  vision  I 
have  multiplied  :  and  by  the  ministry  of  the  prophets  I  would 
use  similitudes. 

12  Is  Gilead  vain,  they  have  only  become  nothing ;  in  Gilgal 
they  will  sacrifice  oxen :  even  their  altars  are  like  waves  upon 
the  furrows  of  the  field. 

13  And  Jacob  fled  to  the  field  of  Syria :  and  Israel  served  on 
account  of  a  wife  ;  and  on  account  of  a  wife  he  kept  guard. 

14  And  by  a  prophet  Jehovah  brought  Israel  up  from  Egypt : 
and  by  a  prophet  he  was  guarded. 

15  Ephraim  has  provoked  most  bitterly :  and  his  blood  he 
shall  leave  upon  him  ;  and  his  reproach  his  Lord  shall  return 
to  him. 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

1  When  Ephraim  spake  there  was  terror  ;  he  exalted  himself 
in  Israel :  and  he  became  guilty  in  the  matter  of  Baal  and  he 
died. 

2  And  now  they  continue  to  sin,  and  they  make  for  them- 
selves molten  images  from  their  silver,  idols  according  to  their 
understanding  ;  the  manufacture  of  the  Artificer,  all  of  it :  to 
them  they  are  saying ;  the  sacrifices  [among]  men  should  kiss 
the  calves. 

3  Therefore,  they  shall  be  like  a  cloud  of  the  morning ;  and 
like  the  early  dew  is  going ;  as  chaff  shall  blow  away  from  the 
threshing  floor  ;  and  like  smoke  out  of  the  window. 

4  And  I,  am  Jehovah  thy  God  from  the  land  of  Egypt :  and 
thou  shalt  know  no  God  beside  me  ;  and  there  is  no  Saviour  ex- 
cept me. 

5  I  knew  thee  in  the  wilderness  :  in  the  land  of  burning  tents. 

6  According  to  their  pasturing  so  were  they  filled  ;  they  were 
filled  and  their  heart  was  lifted  up :  therefore  they  forgat  me. 

7  And  I  became  to  them  as  a  lion  :  like  a  leopard  I  would 
watch  by  the  way. 

8  I  used  to  meet  them  as  a  bear  bereaved  ;  and  I  would  tear 
open  the  enclosure  of  their  heart :  and  I  would  eat  them  there 
like  a  lioness  ;  [like]  the  beast  of  the  field  would  tear  them  in 
pieces. 


32  HOSEA. 

9  O  Israel  he  [the  King,  A.  C]  lius  corrupted  thee,  but  in  me 
is  thy  help. 

10  I  will  be  thy  King  now;  aiul  he  shall  save  thee  in  all  thy 
cities:  and  thy  judges;  of  whom  thou  didst  say;  give  me  a 
King  and  princes. 

Ill  will  give  thee  a  King  [A.  C]  in  my  anger  ;  and  I  will  take 
[him]  away  in  my  wrath. 

13  Bound  up  in  the  iniquity  of  Ephraim  ;  hidden  is  his  sin. 

13  The  pains  of  a  travailing  woman  shall  come  to  him  :  he  is 
an  unwise  son;  for  it  is  a  time  he  should  not  stand  in  the 
breaking  forth  of  children. 

14  From  the  power  of  Sheol  I  will  ransom  them  ;  from  death 
I  will  redeem  them  :  I  will  be  thy  destruction  O  Death,  I  will  be 
thy  cutting  off  O  Sheol ;  repentance  shall  be  hidden  from  my 
eyes. 

15  For  he  ;  among  brethren  shall  bear  fruit :  an  East  wind, 
a  wind  of  Jehovah  shall  come,  ascending  in  the  wilderness  and 
shall  dry  up  his  spring  and  make  his  fountain  dry  ;  M  [A.  C] 
shall  spoil ;  the  treasure  of  all  the  vessels  of  delight. 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

1  Samaria  shall  suffer  the  punishment  of  her  guilt ;  for  she 
hath  rebelled  against  her  God  :  by  the  sword  they  shall  fall ;  her 
children  shall  be  dashed  to  pieces  ;  and  her  pregnant  women 
shall  be  ripped  up. 

2  Return  O  Israel ;  to  Jehovah  th}'-  God  :  for  thou  hast 
stumbled  by  thine  iniquity. 

3  Take  ye  with  you,  words  ;  and  return  unto  Jehovah  :  say 
ye  unto  Him,  wait  thou  forgive  all  iniquity  and  receive  us 
graciously  ;  then  shall  we  requite  the  fruit  of  our  lips. 

4  Asshur  shall  not  save  us,  upon  horses  we  shall  not  ride  ; 
and  not  shall  we  say  again  to  the  manufacture  of  our  hands 
"  Our  Gods  :  "  for  in  thee  the  fatherless  shall  find  mercy. 

5  I  will  heal  their  apostasy ;  I  will  love  them  freely  :  for  my 
anger  is  returned  from  him. 

6  I  will  be  as  the  dew  to  Israel :  he  shall  blossom  like  the 
lily :  and  strike  his  roots  like  the  Lebanon. 

7  His  sucklings  shall  go  forth  ;  and  his  beauty  shall  be  as  the 
olive  :  and  a  scent  to  him  like  the  Lebanon. 


HOSEA.  33 

8  The  dwellers  in  His  [the  Jehovah  man's]  shade  shall  re- 
turn ;  they  shall  revive  as  corn  and  blossom  as  the  vine :  His 
manchild  [the  Jehovah  man]  shall  be  as  the  wine  of  Lebanon. 

9  Ephraim  [shall  say]  what  have  I  to  do  any  more  with  idols  : 
I,  I  have  answered  him  and  I  will  observe  him,  I  [will  be]  to  him 
like  a  green  cypress  ;  from  me  thy  fruit  is  found. 

10  Who  is  wise  and  he  shall  understand  these  things?  prudent 
and  he  shall  know  them  :  for  right  are  the  ways  of  Jehovah, 
and  the  righteous  shall  walk  in  them  ;  but  the  transgressors 
shall  stumble  against  them. 


JOEL. 


Joel  was  one  of  the  earlier  prophets.  He  lived  in  the 
Southern  Kingdom.  Some  make  him  to  have  prophesied  even 
earlier  than  Jonah,  870-8G5,  b.  c,  while  others  locate  him 
about  800  B.  c.  The  grand  subject  before  him  was  "the  day 
of  Jehovah  "  in  all  its  extent.  The  Jews  are  restored  ;  and  the 
whole  eastern  world  is  redivivus ;  and  the  Millenial  Kingdom 
comes.  He  gives  an  account  of  an  unparalleled  calamity,  and  as 
it  is  to  happen  in  "the  day  of  the  Lord,"  it  is  yet  future.  My 
explanatory  notes  arc  inserted  in  the  text. 

CHAPTER   I. 

1  The  word  of  Jehovah  that  came  unto  Joel  the  son  of 
Pethuel. 

2  Hear  ye  this,  the  old  men  ;  and  give  ear  all  the  inhabitants 
of  the  land:  hath  this  been  in  j'our  days;  or,  in  the  days  of 
j-our  fathers  ? 

3  Concerning  it,  tell  3-e  [of  it]  to  your  children  :  and  your 
children  to  their  children ;  and  their  children  to  another 
generation. 

4  The  leaving  of  the  gnaiving  locust  hath  the  swarming 
locust  eaten ;  and  the  leaving  of  the  swarming  locust  hath  the 
licking  locust  eaten  :  and  the  leaving  of  the  licking  locust  hath 
the  consuming  locust  eaten. 

5  "Wake  up  ye  drunkards,  and  weep  ye ;  and  howl  ye,  all 
drinkers  of  wine  :  on  account  of  the  new  wine  :  for  it  hath  been 
cut  off  from  your  mouth. 

[A  new  subject  begins  here.] 

6  For  a  nation  [the  Northerner  of  2 :  20]  has  ascended  upon 
my  land  ;  numerous,  yea  without  number  :  his  [men's]  teeth  are 
the  teeth  of  a  lion  [this  cannot  be  spoken  of  locusts]  and  the 
cheek  teeth  of  a  lioness  are  to  Jiim  [the  Anti-Christ  leader.] 

7  He  [A.  C]  hath  placed  my  vine  for  a  desolation ;  and  my 

[34] 


JOEL.  35 

fig  tree  for  chips  :  lie  [A.  C]  hath  made  [it]  clean  bare  and  cast 
it  away  ;  they  [his  troops]  have  made  white  its  branches. 

8  Lament  thou,  like  a  virgin  girded  with  sackcloth,  on 
account  of  the  betrothed  of  her  youth. 

9  The  meal  and  drink  offering  have  been  cut  off  from  the 
house  of  Jehovah  :  the  priests  the  servants  of  Jehovah  have 
mourned. 

10  The  field  has  been  laid  waste  ;  the  ground  has  mourned : 
for  the  corn  is  laid  waste  ;  dried  up  is  the  new  wine,  the  new 
oil  is  languishing, 

11  The  husbandmen  have  become  ashamed,  howl  ye  vine- 
yardists  ;  on  account  of  the  wheat  and  on  account  of  the  barley  : 
for  the  harvest  of  the  field  is  perished. 

12  The  vine  is  made  ashamed  ;  and  the  fig  tree  is  languishing  : 
the  pomegranate,  also  the  palm  tree  and  the  apple,  all  the  trees 
of  the  field  have  dried  up ;  for  joy  hath  dried  up  from  the 
children  of  men. 

13  Gird  yourselves  and  lament  O  Priests,  howl  ye  servants  of 
the  Altar  ;  come  ye,  lodge  ye  in  sackcloth  j-e  servants  of  my 
God  :  for  there  has  been  withheld  from  the  house  of  your  God  the 
meal  offering  and  the  drink  offering. 

14  Sanctify  ye  a  fast,  call  ye  a  solemn  assembly ;  gather  ye 
the  Elders,  all  the  dwellers  of  the  land ;  to  the  house  of  Jehovah 
your  God  :  and  cry  ye  unto  Jehovah. 

15  Alas,  for  the  day  :  for  near  is  the  day  of  JeJwvah ;  and  as  a 
destruction  from  the  Almighty  it  shall  come. 

16  Is  it  not  before  our  eyes  food  has  been  cut  off  :  from  the 
house  of  our  God  gladness  and  joy  ? 

17  The  grains  have  rotted  underneath  their  clods  ;  the  store 
houses  have  become  desolate  ;  the  barns  have  been  pulled  down  , 
for  the  corn  is  dried  up. 

18  How  the  cattle  groan,  how  the  herds  of  cattle  have  been 
perplexed  ;  for  there  is  no  pasture  for  them  :  even  the  flocks  of 
sheep  have  been  suffering. 

19  Unto  thee,  Jehovah,  I  will  call :  for  a  fire  has  consumed 
the  pastures  of  the  wilderness  ;  and  a  flame  hath  kindled  all  the 
trees  of  the  field. 

20  Also  the  beasts  of  the  field  shall  bleat  unto  thee :  for  the 
brooks  of  waters  have  dried  up ;  and  a  fire :  has  consumed  the 
pastures  of  the  field. 


36  JOETi. 


CHAPTER  II. 

1  Blow  yo  tho  [slK^pli'M-d's]  liorn  in  Zion,  and  sound  an  alarm 
on  my  holy  mountain  ;  ihey  shall  tremble  ;  all  tlfe  inhabitants  of 
the  land  :  for  the  day  of  Jehovah  cometh,  for  it  is  near. 

2  A  day  of  darkness  and  of  gloom,  a  day  of  cloud  and  thick 
darkness  ;  like  dawn  spread  upon  the  mountains  :  a  people  great 
and  numerous ;  like  it,  there  has  not  been  from  eternity  ;  and 
after  it  there  shall  not  be  again  through  the  years  of  endless 
generations. 

3  Before  him  [A.  C]  a  fire  has  consumed  and  behind  Mm 
[A.  C]  a  flame  shall  kindle:  as  the  garden  of  Eden  the  earth 
was  before  Mvi  [A.  C]  and  after  him  [A.  C]  a  desolate  wilder- 
ness ;  and  even  an  escaped  one  was  not  to  him  [that  is,  there  were 
no  escapes]. 

4  Like  the  appearance  of  horses  was  his  [men's]  appearance ; 
and  like  horsemen,  so  they  shall  run. 

5  Like  the  noise  of  chariots,  upon  the  tops  of  the  mountains 
they  shall  dance  ;  like  the  noise  of  a  flaming  fire  consuming  the 
stubble :  like  a  numerous  people  arrayed  for  war. 

6  From  before /wm  [A.  C]  the  people  shall  writhe  :  all  faces 
shall  gather  paleness. 

7  Like  mighty  men  shall  they  run ;  like  men  of  War  they 
shall  ascend  a  w^all :  and  each  in  his  ways  they  shall  go ;  and 
they  shall  not  alter  their  course. 

8  And  no  one  shall  urge  another ;  each  in  his  path  they  shall 
go :  and  when  upon  the  weapon  they  shall  fall  ;  they  shall  not 
cut  themselves. 

9  In  the  city  they  shall  run  about,  by  the  wall  they  shall  run ; 
into  houses  they  shall  ascend :  on  account  of  the  windows  they 
shall  enter  in  like  the  thief. 

10  [The  Lord's  day  has  now  come]  Before  Him  [Christ]  the 
earth  trembled  ;  the  heavens  shook  ;  the  sun  and  moon  gathered 
blackness;  and  the  stars,  withheld  their  shining. 

11  And  Jehovah  uttered  his  voice  before  his  [A.  C's.]  army-, 
for  exceedingly  great  is  his  camp  [A.  C's]  for  numerous  are  the 
doers  of  his  Word:  but  great  shall  be  "the  day  of  Jehovah" 
and  exceedingly  dreadful  and  who  can  abide  it? 

12  And  even  now  Jehovah  saith  ;  return  ye  unto  me  with  all 
your  heart :  and  with  fasting  and  weeping  and  with  lamentation. 


JOEL.  37 

13  And  rend  j'our  hearts  and  not  your  garments  ;  and  return 
ye  unto  Jehovah  your  God :  for  gracious  and  merciful  He  shall 
be  ;  slow  of  anger,  and  great  kindness ;  and  He  will  repent  Him- 
self of  the  evil, 

14  Who  knoweth  [or  acknowledgeth]  He  may  return  and 
repent :  and  cause  to  remain  after  Him  a  blessing  ;  a  meal  offer- 
ing and  a  drink  offering  to  Jehovah  jour  God. 

15  [In  response  to  Jehovah's  invitation  in  verses  12  and  13  a 
call  will  be  made  as  in  verses  15,  16,  and  17.]  Blow  ye  the 
[shepherd's]  horn  in  Zion :  sanctify  a  fast,  call  a  solemn 
assembly. 

16  Collect  ye  the  people,  sanctify  the  congregation,  gather  the 
elders  ;  Collect  the  children  ;  and  the  sucklings  of  the  breast  :  the 
bridegroom  shall  go  out  of  his  inner  apartment ;  and  the  bride 
from  her  bridal  chamber. 

17  Between  the  porch  and  the  altar  ;  the  priests  ;  the  ser- 
vants of  Jehovah  shall  weep  :  and  they  shall  say  Spare  thy  peo- 
ple Jehovah,  and  do  not  give  their  inheritance  to  a  reproach,  for 
the  nations  to  speak  a  proverb  against  them  ;  why  should  they 
say  among  the  people  "where  is  their  God." 

18  And  Jehovah  was  jealous  for  his  land  :  and  He  had  pity 
for  His  people. 

19  And  Jehovah  answered  and  He  said  to  His  people.  Behold 
I  am  sending  to  you  the  corn,  and  the  new  wine  and  the  new  oil ; 
and  ye  shall  be  satisfied  therewith  :  and  I  will  not  make  you 
again  a  reproach  among  the  nations. 

20  And  the  Northerner  [the  Assyrian,  or  Anti-Christ]  I  will 
remove  far  from  you,  and  I  will  cast  hem  into  a  dry  Desolate 
land  :  with  Ms  face,  toward  the  East  Sea  and  his  rearward  to  the 
Western  Sea :  and  his  stink  shall  ascend,  and  his  stench  shall 
mount  up  because  7ie  has  magnified  (himself)  to  do  [great  things]. 

21  Do  not  fear,  O  Land  :  rejoice  and  be  glad  ;  for  Jehovah 
has  magnified  to  do. 

22  Do  not  ye  fear,  O  beasts  of  the  field  ;  for  the  pastures  of 
the  wilderness  have  germinated  :  for  the  tree  has  borne  its  fruit ; 
the  fig  tree  and  the  vine  have  given  out  their  strength. 

23  And  the  sons  of  Zion,  rejoice  ye  and  b«  ye  glad  in  Jehovah 
your  God  ;  for  He  has  given  to  you  the  teacher  for  righteousness  : 
and  He  will  cause  to  come  down  to  you,  the  showers,  the  early 
and  the  latter  rain  in  the  first  [month]. 


38  JOEL. 

24  And  thoy  sliall  fill  np  the  barns  with  grain  :  and  the  vats 
shall  overllow  with  new  wine  and  fresh  oil. 

25  And  I  will  recompense  to  you  the  years  ;  which  the  swarm- 
ing locust  has  eaten  ;  the  licking  locust  and  the  consuming 
locust  and  the  gnawing  locust :  my  great  army ;  which  I  sent 
among  you  [as  stated  in  first  five  verses  of  first  chapter]. 

26  And  ye  shall  eat,  eating  and  being  satisfied ;  and  ye  shall 
praise  the  name  of  Jehovah  your  God;  since  He  has  wrought 
wondrously  with  you  :    and  my  people  shall  never  be  ashamed. 

27  And  ye  shall  know  that  /am  iii  the  midst  of  Israel ;  and  / 
am  Jehovah  your  God,  and  there  is  none  else  :  and  my  people 
shall  never  be  ashamed.  [Deliverance  from  the  Northern  army 
of  A.  C.  is  now  complete.] 

CHAPTER  III. 

1  And  it  shall  be  after  that,  I  will  pour  out  my  Spirit  upon 
all  flesh ;  and  your  sons  and  j'our  daughters  shall  prophesy : 
your  old  men  shall  dream  dreams,  your  young  men  ;  shall  see 
visions. 

2  And  also  upon  the  men  servants  and  the  maid  servants :  in 
those  days ;  I  will  pour  out  my  spirit. 

3  And  I  will  give  prodigies  in  the  heavens,  and  in  the  earth  : 
blood  and  fire  ;  and  pillars  of  smoke. 

4  The  sun  shall  be  turned  to  darkness  and  the  moon  to  blood  : 
before,  the  coming  of  the  day  of  Jehovah  ;  the  great  and  the 
dreadful  one. 

.5  And  it  shall  be,  every  one  who  shall  call  on  the  name  of 
the  Lord  shall  be  delivered  :  for  in  Mount  Zion  and  in  Jerusalem 
there  shall  be  deliverance,  according  as  Jehovah  hath  said  ;  and 
in  the  remnant  whom  Jehovah  is  calling. 

CHAPTER  IV. 

1  For  behold,  in  those  days,  and  in  that  time  :  when  I  shall 
turn  the  captivity  of  Judah,  and  Jerusalem. 

2  That  I  will  gather  all  the  nations  ;  and  I  will  cause  them 
to  come  down  into  the  vallej^  of  Jehoshapat :  and  I  will  judge 
with  them  there,  on  account  of  my  people  and  my  inheritance 
Israel,  whom  they  have  scattered  among  the  nations ;  and  my 
land  they  have  divided. 


JOEL.  39 

3  And  for  my  people  they  have  cast  a  lot :  and  they  have 
given  the  boy  for  the  harlot ;  and  the  girl  they  have  sold  for 
wine,  and  they  have  drank. 

4  And  also,  what  are  ye  to  me.  Tyre  and  Zidon ;  and  all  3'e 
coasts  of  Philistia :  is  it  a  recompense,  ye  are  requiting  unto 
me  ?  and  if  recompensers  ye  are  unto  me;  quickly,  hastily,  I 
will  return  your  recompense  upon  your  own  head. 

5  Since  my  silver  and  my  gold  ye  have  taken  :  and  the  best 
of  my  desirable  things  ye  have  brought  to  your  Temples. 

6  And  the  sons  of  Judah  and  the  sons  of  Jerusalem  ye  have 
sold  to  the  sons  of  the  Javanese  :  for  the  sake  of  removing  them 
from  their  border. 

7  Behold  me  arousing  them  from  the  place  where  ye  had  sold 
them  thither  :  and  I  will  turn  back  your  recompense  upon  your 
head. 

8  And  I  will  sell  your  sons  and  your  daughters  into  the  hands 
of  the  sons  of  Judah  ;  and  they  shall  sell  them  to  tlie  Sabeans,  to 
a  nation  afar  off  :  for  Jehovah  hath  spoken  it. 

[Begins  a  new  paragraph  and  a  new    train  of   thought.] 

9  Proclaim  this  among  the  nations  ;  sanctify  a  war  :  wake  up 
mighty  men  ;  let  them  draw  near,  let  them  come  up ;  all  the 
men  of  war. 

10  Beat  your  plowshares  to  swords  ;  and  your  vine  cutters  to 
spears:  tlie  weak  one;  sliall  say  [I  feel  that]  I  am  a  mighty 
man. 

11  Hasten  and  come  ye  all  nations  from  round  about,  and  be 
ye  collected :  thither  ;  cause  thy  mighty  men  to  come  down  O 
Jehovaho 

12  The  nations  shall  be  aroused  and  tliey  shall  come  to  the 
valley  of  Jehoshaphat :  for  there,  I  will  sit  to  judge  all  the  na- 
tions from  round  about. 

13  Put  ye  in  the  sickle  ;  for  the  harvest  is  ripe  :  come,  de- 
scend, for  the  wine  press  is  full ;  the  vats,  they  overflow  ;  for 
great  is  their  wickedness. 

14  Multitudes,  multitudes  ;  [shall  be]  in  the  valley  of  decis- 
ion :  for  near  is  the  day  of  Jehovah  ;  in  the  valley  of  decision 

15  Sun  and  moon  have  darkened  :  and  the  stars  have  with- 
held their  shining. 

16  And  Jehovah  from  Zion  shall  roar,  and  from  Jerusalem 
He  shall  give  forth  His  voice  ;  and  the  heavens  and  the  earth 


40  JOEL. 

shall  crash  :  but  Jehovah  [shall  be]  the  confidence  of  His  people; 
and  a  stronghold  for  the  children  of  Israel, 

17  And  ye  shall  know  that  I  Jehovah  am  your  God  ;  dwelling 
in  Zion  the  mountain  of  my  holiness:  and  Jerusalem  shall  be 
holy  ;  and  strangers  shall  not  pass  over  in  it  again. 

[A  new  and  final  paragraph.     A  conclusion.] 

18  And  it  shall  be,  in  that  day,  the  mountains  shall  drop  down 
sweet  new  wine,  and  the  hills  shall  flow  with  milk ;  and  all  the 
brooks  of  Judah  shall  flow  with  water :  and  a  fountain,  shall  go 
out  from  the  house  of  Judah  ;  and  shall  water  the  valley  of 
Shittim. 

19  Egypt  shall  be  for  a  desolation  ;  and  Edom  for  a  desolate 
wilderness  shall  be  :  because  of  the  violence  of  the  song  of 
Judah  ;  when  they  poured  out  innocent  blood  in  their  land. 

20  And  Judah  shall  dwell  forever  :  and  Jerusalem  for  endless 
generations. 

21  And  I  will  cleanse  their  blood  [Avhich]  I  have  not  cleansed  : 
and  Jehovah  is  dwelling  in  Zion. 


AMOS. 


Amos  was  of  the  Southern  Kingdom,  but  was  commissioned  to 
prophesy  to  the  Northern  Kingdom.  It  was  810  to  785  b.  c.  He 
writes,  as  did  all  the  prophets,  except  perhaps  Jonah,  of  last 
things.  In  the  last  three  chapters  there  are  five  visions  recorded. 
Then,  "in  that  day,"  the  Millennial  Kingdom  shall  be  set  up. 

CHAPTER   I. 

1  The  words  of  Amos  ;  who  was  among  the  herdsmen  of 
Tekoa  :  which  ho,  foresaw  concerning  Israel  in  the  days  of  Uzziah 
King  of  Judah  and  in  the  days  of  Jeroboam  son  of  Jonah  King  of 
Israel ;  two  years  before  the  earthquake. 

2  And  he  said  Jehovah  shall  roar  from  Zion  ;  (Joel  3  :  16  ;  Jer. 
25 :  30)  and  from  Jerusalem  he  shall  give  forth  his  voice  :  and 
the  habitations  of  the  shepherds  shall  mourn  and  the  top  of  the 
Carmel  shall  wither. 

3  Thus  saith  Jehovah  [this  expression  occurs  five  times  in 
this  chapter  and  three  times  in  the  second  chapter,  and  relates 
to  the  Syrians,  Philistines,  Phoenicians,  Edomites,  Ammonites, 
Moabites,  Judah,  and  Israel]  on  account  of  three  transgressions  of 
Damascus ;  and  on  account  of  four  I  will  not  revoke  it :  because 
of  their  threshing  Gilead  with  iron  threshing  machines.  2  Kings 
10  :  32,  33. 

4  But  I  will  send  a  fire  into  the  house  of  Hazael :  and  it  shall 
consume  the  palaces  of  Ben-hadad. 

5  And  I  will  break  the  bar  of  Damascus ;  and  I  will  cut  off 
the  inhabitant  from  the  plain  of  Aven  ;  and  he  that  holdeth  the 
scepter  from  the  house  of  Eden  :  and  the  people  of  Syria  shall  go 
into  captivity  at  Kir,  Jehovah  hath  said. 

6  Thus  Jehovah  hath  said  on  account  of  three  transgressions 
of  Gaza ;  and  on  account  of  four  I  will  not  revoke  it  because  of 
their  carrying  away  captive  the  entire  captivity  to  deliver  them 
up  to  Edom. 

[41] 


AMOS. 


7  But  I  will  send  a  Are  on  the  wall  of  Gaza  :  and  it  shall  con- 
sume her  palaces. 

8  And  I  will  cut  off  the  inhabitant  from  Ashdod  ;  and  he  that 
is  holding  the  scepter  from  Ashkelon  :  and  J  will  turn  my  hand 
against  Ekron,  and  the  remnant  of  the  Philistines  shall  perish  ; 
the  Lord  Jehovah  hath  said. 

9  Thus  Jehovah  hath  said  on  account  of  three  transgressions 
of  Tyre  ;  and  on  account  of  four,  I  will  not  revoke  it  because  of 
their  delivering  up  the  whole  captivity  to  Edom  ;  and  they  have 
not  remembered  the  covenant  of  brothers. 

10  But  I  will  send  a  fire  on  the  wall  of  Tyre  :  and  it  shall  con- 
sume her  palaces. 

11  Thus  Jehovah  hath  said;  on  account  of  three  transgres- 
sions of  Edom  ;  and  on  account  of  four  I  will  not  revoke  it :  be- 
cause of  his  pursuing  with  the  sword  his  brother  and  corrupted 
his  compassions  ;  and  his  anger  tore  forever  and  his  wrath  he 
kept  forever. 

12  But  I  will  send  a  fire  on  Teman  :  and  it  shall  consume  the 
palaces  of  Bozrah. 

13  Thus  hath  said  Jehovah  ;  on  account  of  three  transgres- 
sions of  the  sons  of  Ammon  ;  and  on  account  of  four  I  will  not 
revoke  it :  because  they  have  cleaved  the  pregnant  women  of 
Gilead  ;  for  the  sake  of  making  broad  their  border, 

14  But  I  will  kindle  a  fire  on  the  wall  of  Rabbah  ;  and  it  shall 
consume  her  palaces :  On  their  shouting  the  war-cry  in  the 
day  of  battle  ;  in  a  storm  on  the  day  of  the  whirlwind. 

15  And  their  King  shall  go  into  captivity  :  he  and  his  princes 
together  Jehovah  hath  said. 

CHAPTER  II. 

1  Thus  Jehovah  hath  said :  concerning  three  transgressions 
of  Moab ;  and  concerning  four  I  will  not  revoke  it :  on  account  of 
his  burning  the  bones  of  the  King  of  Edom  into  lime. 

2  But  I  will  send  a  fire  into  Moab  ;  and  it  shall  consume  the 
palaces  of  Kirioth  :  and  Moab  shall  die  in  the  tumult;  in  the 
war-cry,  in  the  blast  of  the  trumpet. 

3  And  I  will  cut  off  the  judge  from  her  midst :  and  all  her 
princes  I  will  slay  with  him,  Jehovah  hath  said. 

4  Thus  hath  said  Jehovah  ;  on  account  of  three  transgressions 
of  Judah  :  and  on  account  of  four  I  will  not  revoke  it :  because 


AMOS.  43 

thej^  have  despised  the  law  of  Jehovah,  and  his  commandments 
they  have  not  kept ;  and  their  liars  caused  them  to  err  as  tlieir 
fathers  walked  after  them. 

5  But  I  will  send  a  fire  into  Judah  :  and  it  shall  consume  the 
palaces  of  Jerusalem. 

6  Thus  hath  said  Jehovah  ;  concerning  three  transgressions 
of  Israel ;  and  concerning  four  I  will  not  revoke  it :  because  of 
their  selling  the  righteous  for  money  ;  and  the  poor  on  account 
of  a  pair  of  shoes. 

7  That  are  panting  over  the  dust  of  the  earth  upon  the  head 
of  the  poor  and  the  way  of  the  afflicted  they  incline  :  and  a  man 
and  his  father,  will  go  unto  the  maid  to  profane  my  holy  name. 

8  And  upon  pledged  garments  they  will  incline ;  beside 
every  altar  :  and  the  wine  of  the  fined  they  will  drink ;  in  the 
house  of  their  God. 

9  But  I  destroyed  the  Amorite  from  before  them  ;  whose 
height  was  like  the  height  of  the  cedars  ;  and  he  was  strong  like 
the  oaks  :  and  I  destroyed  his  fruit  from  above  and  his  roots 
from  beneath. 

10  And  I,  I  brought  you  up  from  the  land  of  Egypt :  and  I 
led  you  forty  years  in  the  wilderness  to  possess  the  land  of  the 
Amorite. 

11  And  I  raised  up  from  among  your  sons  for  prophets  ;  and 
from  your  young  men  for  Nazarenes  :  is  this  not  so  children  of 
Israel,  Jehovah  hath  said. 

12  And  ye  made  the  Nazarites  to  drink  wine :  and  concern- 
ing the  prophets  ye  commanded  saying  ;  ye  shall  not  prophesy. 

13  Behold  I  am  pressing  j'ou  down  :  according  as  the  cart  is 
accustomed  to  press  down  ;  that  which  is  full  of  sheaves. 

14  And  the  flight  shall  perish  from  the  swift ;  and  the  strong 
shall  not  strengthen  his  power :  and  the  mighty  man  shall  not 
deliver  his  soul. 

15  And  the  carrier  of  the  boAv  shall  not  stand  :  and  the  swift 
on  his  feet  shall  not  deliver  :  and  the  rider  of  the  horse  shall  not 
deliver  his  soul. 

16  And  the  brave  of  heart  among  the  mighty  men  :  shall  flee 
naked  in  that  day  [of  the  second  coming]  Jehovah  hath  said. 


44  AMOS. 

CHAPTER  III. 

1  Hear  ye  this  word  which  Jehovah  has  spoken  concerning 
you,  O  children  of  Israel :  against  the  whole  family  which  I 
brought  up  from  the  land  of  Egypt  saying, 

2  You  only  have  I  acknowledged  from  all  the  families  of  the 
earth  :  therefore  I  will  visit  upon  you  all  your  iniquities. 

3  Shall  two  walk  together  unless  they  have  consulted. 

4  Shall  the  lion  roar  in  the  forest ;  and  there  is  no  prey  for 
him  :  shall  the  young  lion  give  forth  his  voice  from  his  den  ex- 
cept he  has  taken  something. 

5  Shall  the  bird  fall  upon  the  snare  of  the  ground  ;  and  there 
is  no  trap  for  it :  shall  one  take  up  a  snare  from  the  earth  ;  and 
nothing  shall  be  taken. 

6  Or  shall  the  trumpet  be  blown  in  the  city ;  and  the  people 
shall  not  be  afraid  :  or  shall  there  be  evil  in  the  city  ;  and  the 
Lord  has  not  done  it. 

7  For  the  Lord  Jehovah  will  not  do  a  thing  :  except  he  has 
revealed  his  secret ;  unto  his  servants  the  prophets. 

8  The  lion  has  roared,  who  shall  not  fear  :  [who  is  s^-mbol- 
ized  by  the  lion?  is  it  the  Anti-Christ?]  the  Lord  Jehovah  has 
spoken  ;  who  will  not  be  prophesying. 

9  Cause  ye  to  hear  over  the  palaces  in  Ashdod  ;  and  over  the 
palaces  in  the  land  of  Egypt :  and  say  ye,  be  ye  collected  on  the 
mountains  of  Samaria  ;  and  see  the  great  tumults  in  her  midst ; 
and  the  oppressions  within  her. 

10  For  they  have  not  known  to  do  the  right,  Jehovah  hath 
said,  who  are  storing  up,  violence  and  destruction,  in  their 
palaces. 

[A  yet  future  adversary  here  referred  to  —  probably  same  as 
the  lion  in  verse  8.] 

11  Therefore  thus  hath  said  the  Lord  Jehovah;  an  enemy, 
and  he  is  round  about  the  land  ;  and  7ie  will  bring  down  thy 
strength  from  thee  ;  and  thy  palaces  shall  be  plundered. 

12  Thus  hath  said  Jehovah ;  like  as  the  shepherd  shall  de- 
liver from  the  mouth  of  the  lion  two  legs  or  a  piece  of  the  ear  : 
so  shall  the  children  of  Israel  be  delivered  who  are  dwelling  in 
Samaria  on  the  corner  of  a  bed  and  on  Damascus  couches. 

13  Hear  ye  and  testify  ye  in  the  house  of  Jacob  :  the  Lord 
Jehovah,  God  of  hosts  hath  said. 


AMOS.  45 

14  For  on  the  day  of  my  visiting  the  transgressions  of  Israel 
upon  him  :  [observe  the  time  formula  "  on  the  clay"]  and  I  will 
visit  upon  the  altars  of  Bethel ;  and  the  horns  of  the  altar  shall 
be  cut  off ;  and  they  shall  fall  to  the  ground. 

15  And  I  will  smite  the  winter  house  against  the  summer 
house  :  and  the  houses  of  ivory  shall  perish,  and  many  houses 
shall  have  an  end,  Jehovah  hath  said. 

CHAPTER  IV. 

1  Hear  ye  this  matter  ye  cows  of  Bashan,  in  the  mountain  of 
Samaria  ;  that  oppress  the  poor  ;  that  crush  the  needy  :  who  are 
saying  to  their  masters  bring  here  and  we  will  drink. 

2  The  Lord  Jehovah  hath  sworn  hy  his  holiness  ;  that  behold 
days  are  coming  upon  you  :  and  lie  will  take  you  away  with 
hooks  and  your  posterity  with  fish-hooks :  [The  Anti-Christ 
will  do  this.] 

3  And  breakers  shall  go  out  each  before  her  :  and  ye  shall  be 
cast  out  toward  [or  banished  to]  Harmon,  saith  Jehovah. 

4  Come  ye  to  Bethel  and  Sin ;  at  Gilgal  multiply  to  Sin : 
and  bring  ye  your  sacrifices  in  the  morning ;  your  tithes  for 
three  days, 

5  And  kindle  a  thanksgiving  offering  from  leaven  ;  and  cry 
out  free  will  offerings  hear  ye  :  for  so  ye  have  loved,  O  children 
of  Israel ;   the  Lord  Jehovah  hath  said. 

6  And  also  I,  I  have  given  to  you  cleanness  of  teeth  in  all 
your  cities ;  and  deficiency  of  bread  ;  in  all  your  palaces  :  and  ye 
have  not  returned  to  me,  Jehovah  hath  said. 

7  And  also  I  have  refrained  from  you  the  rain  while  yet  there 
are  three  months  to  the  harvest ;  and  I  have  caused  it  to  rain 
upon  one  city  ;  and  upon  another  city  I  have  not  caused  it  to 
rain  :  one  part  should  have  rain  and  the  part  which  did  not 
cause  to  rain  upon  it,  withered. 

8  And  two,  three  cities  shall  wander  unto  another  city  to 
drink  water  and  they  shall  not  be  satisfied:  and  ye  have  not 
returned  unto  me  Jehovah  hath  said. 

9  I  have  smitten  you  with  blasting  and  mildew  ;  many  times 
your  gardens  your  vineyards  and  your  fig-trees  and  your  olive- 
trees  the  locusts  shall  eat :  but  you  have  not  returned  to  me, 
Jehovah  hath  said. 


46  AMOS. 

10  I  have  sent  pestilence  among  you  in  the  manner  of  Egypt; 
I  have  slain  by  the  sword  j^our  young  men  ;  with  the  booty  of 
your  horses :  and  I  have  caused  to  come  up  the  stench  of  your 
camp  and  in  your  noses;  but  ye  have  not  returned  unto  me, 
Jehovah  hath  said, 

111  have  overturned  among  you  like  the  destruction  of  God 
with  Sodom  and  Gomorrah  ;  and  ye  were  like  a  brand  delivered 
from  the  fire :  but  ye  have  not  returned  unto  me,  Jehovah 
hath  said. 

12  Therefore  thus  I  will  do  to  3'ou  O  Israel :  because  of  this 
I  will  do  to  thee  ;  prepare  thou  to  meet  thy  God,  O  Israel. 

13  For  behold  the  former  of  the  mountains  and  the  creator 
of  the  wind  [or  spirit]  and  who  is  telling  to  man  what  is  his 
thought ;  that  maketh  the  morning  darkness ;  and  he  who  is 
treading  upon  the  high  places  of  the  earth :  Jehovah  of  hosts 
is  his  name. 

CHAPTER  V. 

1  Hear  ye  this  word,  which  I  am  taking  up  against  you,  a 
lamentation,  O  house  of  Israel. 

2  The  virgin  of  Israel  has  fallen  she  shall  not  rise  again  :  she 
is  cast  down  upon  her  land,  there  is  none  raising  her  up. 

3  For  thus  the  Lord  Jehovah  hath  said,  the  city  that  is  send- 
ing out  a  thousand  shall  cause  a  hundred  to  remain,  and  that 
which  sends  out  a  hundred  shall  cause  ten  to  remain  :  to  the 
house  of  Israel. 

4  For  thus  Jehovah  hath  said,  to  the  house  of  Israel :  seek  ye 
me  and  ye  shall  live. 

5  And  do  not  seek  Bethel ;  nor  Gilgal  shall  ye  enter  into  nor 
shall  ye  pass  over  into  Beersheba :  for  Gilgal  shall  go  into  cap- 
tivity and  Bethel  shall  be  for  naught. 

6  Seek  ye  Jehovah  and  ye  shall  live  :  unless  he  shall  pass  over 
like  fire  the  house  of  Joseph  ;  and  consume  it  and  there  is  none 
quenching  to  Bethel. 

7  Who  are  turning  judgment  to  Avormwood  :  and  righteous- 
ness to  the  earth  they  cause  to  rest. 

8  Maker  of  the  seven  stars  and  Orion,  and  he  who  turneth  the 
shadow  of  death  into  morning  and  day  he  darkens  to  night :  he 
who  calls  to  the  waters  of  the  sea  and  he  pours  them  out  upon 
the  face  of  the  earth,  Jehovah  is  his  name. 


AMOS.  47 

9  He  who  causes  to  break  out  desolation  against  the  strong : 
and  desolation  against  the  fortress  shall  come. 

10  They  have  hated  the  judge  in  the  gate  :  and  he  who  is 
speaking  uprightly,  they  shall  abhor. 

11  Therefore  because  ye  have  trodden  upon  the  poor,  and  the 
burden  of  wheat  ye  shall  take  from  him  ;  houses  of  cut  stone  ye 
have  built,  but  ye  shall  not  dwell  in  them  :  vineyards  of  delight 
ye  have  planted  ;  but  ye  shall  not  drink  their  wine. 

12  For  I  have  known  your  many  transgressions  ;  and  j'our 
numerous  sins  :  oppressors  of  the  righteous,  takers  of  atonement 
money  ;  and  the  poor  in  the  gate  ye  turn  aside. 

13  Therefore  he  who  is  wise  at  tliat  time  shall  be  silent :  for  it 
is  an  evil  time. 

14  Seek  ye  good  and  not  evil,  that  ye  may  live  :  and  it  shall 
be  so  Jehovah  Lord  of  hosts  shall  be  with  you,  according  as  ye 
have  said. 

15  Hate  ye  evil  and  love  good  ;  and  establish  justice  in  the 
gate  :  peradventure,  Jehovah  God  of  hosts  shall  shew  favor  to 
the  remnant  of  Joseph. 

16  Therefore,  thus  Jehovah  God  of  hosts,  the  Lord ;  hath 
said  ;  in  all  broad  places  there  shall  be,  lamentation  ;  and  in  all 
the  streets  they  shall'  say  Alas  alas  :  and  they  shall  call  the 
husbandmen  to  mourning  ;  and  lamentation  ;  to  those  skilled 
in  wailing. 

17  And  in  all  vineyards  there  shall  be  lamentation  :  because 
I  will  pass  over  in  thy  midst,  Jehovah  hath  said. 

18  Woe  to  those  who  are  desiring  the  day  of  Jehovah  :  where- 
fore is  this  to  you  a  day  of  Jehovah,  it  is  darkness  and  not  light. 

19  Like  as  a  man  shall  flee  from  before  the  lion  ;  and  the  bear 
shall  meet  him  :  Or  he  shall  come  into  the  house,  and  shall  lean 
his  hand  upon  the  wall ;  and  the  serpent  shall  bite  him. 

20  Is  not  the  clay  of  JeJwvali  darkness,  and  not  light :  and 
obscure  and  no  brightness  to  it. 

21  I  have  hated,  I  have  rejected  your  feasts  :  and  I  will  not 
be  satisfied  in  your  assemblies. 

22  For  if  ye  shall  offer  to  me  burnt  offerings  and  your  meat 
offerings  I  will  not  accept :  and  the  peace  offering  of  your  fatted 
beasts  I  will  not  regard. 

23  Remove  from  me  the  noise  of  thy  songs :  and  the  melody 
of  thy  viols  I  will  not  hear. 


48  AMOS. 

24  But  judf:fment  shall  roll  down  like  wators:  and  righteous- 
ness like  a  mighty  stream. 

25  The  sacrifices  and  the  meal  offerings  ye  have  brought  near 
to  me  forty  years  o  house  of  Israel. 

26  But  yet  ye  would  carry  the  shrino  [of  the  idol]  of  your 
King;  and  the  pedestal  of  their  images:  the  star  of  their  God 
which  ye  made  for  yourselves. 

27  Then  I  will  carry  you  captive  from  beyond  to  Damascus ; 
Jehovah,  hath  said,  God  of  hosts  is  his  name. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

1  Woe  to  those  that  are  quiet  in  Zion,  and  who  are  trusting 
in  the  mountain  of  Samaria  :  defined  chief  of  the  nations ;  and 
the  house  of  Israel  shall  come  to  them. 

2  Pass  ye  over  to  Calneh  and  see  ye  ;  and  go  ye  from  there  to 
Hamath-rabbah :  then  go  down  to  Gath  of  the  Philistines,  are 
they  better  than  those  kingdoms  or  is  their  border  better  than 
your  borders. 

3  Ye  that  are  driving  on  to  the  day  of  evil :  and  ye  bring 
near  the  seat  of  violence. 

4  Who  are  lying  down  upon  beds  of  ivory  ;  and  are  stretched 
out  upon  their  couches :  and  are  eating  lambs  from  the  flock ; 
and  calves  out  of  the  midst  of  the  stall. 

5  Who  are  chanting  according  to  the  harp  :  like  David  ;  they 
invent  to  them  instruments  of  song. 

6  Who  are  drinking  in  cups  of  wine  ;  and  anoint  themselves 
with  the  chief  ointments  :  and  they  are  not  grieved  over  the 
hurt  of  Joseph. 

7  Therefore  now  they  shall  go  into  captivity  at  the  head  of 
the  captives  :  and  shall  depart,  the  cry  of  the  stretched  out  ones. 

8  The  Lord  Jehovah  hath  sworn  by  himself,  Jehovah  God  of 
hosts  hath  said ;  and  I  am  abhorring  the  pride  of  Jacob  :  and 
his  palaces  I  have  hated  :  and  I  will  deliver  the  city  and  its 
fulness. 

9  And  it  shall  be,  if  there  shall  be  remaining  ten  men  in  one 
house,  then  they  shall  die. 

10  And  his  uncle  shall  take  him  up  and  shall  burn  him  to 
bring  out  the  bones  from  the  house  :  and  he  shall  say  to  whoso- 
ever is  in  the  sides  of  the  house  is  there  yet  with  thee,  and  he 


AMOS.  49 

shall  say  not  one  :  and  he  shall  say  hush  for  we  may  not  niake 
mention  in  the  name  of  Jehovah. 

11  For  behold  Jehovah  is  commanding:  and  he  will  smite 
the  great  house  with  breaches  :  and  the  little  house  with  clefts. 

12  Shall  horses  run  upon  the  rock  ;  or  shall  one  plow  with 
oxen  :  that  ye  have  turned  judgment  to  poison  ;  and  the  fruit  of 
righteousness  to  wormwood. 

13  Ye  are  rejoicing  at  what  is  not  a  matter  :  who  were  saying  ; 
is  it  not  by  our  strength  ;  we  have  taken  to  ourselves  horns. 

14  For  behold  me  raising  over  you,  O  house  of  Israel,  saith 
Jehovah  God  of  hosts  a  nation  :  and  they  shall  oppress  you  from 
the  entrance  of  Hamath  unto  the  brook  of  the  desert. 

CHAPTER  YII. 

[In  the  last  three  chapters  there  are  five  visions  —  three  in 
the  seventh  chapter,  the  fourth  in  the  eighth  chapter,  and  the 
fifth  in  the  ninth.] 

1  Thus  the  Lord  Jehovah  hath  shown  me  ;  and  behold  he  is 
forming  locusts  :  in  the  beginning  of  the  shooting  up  of  the 
latter  growth  :  and  behold  the  latter  groM^th  was  after  the  mow- 
ing of  the  King. 

2  And  it  came  to  pass  when  he  had  made  an  end  to  eat  the 
grass  of  the  land ;  that  I  said,  O  Lord  Jehovah  forgive  I  pray ; 
who  shall  raise  up  Jacob  :  for  he  is  small. 

3  Jehovah  repented  concerning  this  :  it  shall  not  be,  Jehovah 
hath  said. 

[Begins  the  second  vision.] 

4  Thus  hath  the  Lord  Jehovah  shewed  me  ;  and  behold  the 
Lord  Jehovah  is  calling  to  contend  by  fire  :  and  it  consumed  the 
great  deep  ;  and  devoured  the  portion. 

5  And  I  said,  O  Lord  Jehovah  cease  I  pray ;  who  shall  raise 
up  Jacob  :  for  he  is  small. 

6  Jehovah  repented  on  account  of  this  :  even  it  shall  not  be, 
the  Lord  Jehovah  hath  said. 

[Begins  third  vision.] 

7  Thus  he  shewed  me  ;  and  behold  the  Lord  standing  upon  a 
wall  with  plumb-line  :  and  in  his  hand  a  plumb-line. 

8  And  Jehovah  said  unto  me,  what  art  thou  seeing  Amos; 
and  I  said  a  plumb-line  :  and  the  Lord  said  behold  me  putting  a 

4 


50  AMOS. 

plumb-line   in   the  midst  of  my  people   Israel  ;  I  will   not  add 
again  to  pass  over  to  him. 

9  And  the  high  places  of  Isaac  shall  be  desolated  ;  and  the 
sanctuaries  of  Israel  shall  be  destroyed :  and  I  will  rise  up 
against  the  house  of  Jeroboam  with  the  sword. 

10  Then  Amaziah  priest  of  Bethel  sent  to  Jeroboam  king  of 
Israel  saying  :  Amos  hath  conspired  against  thee,  in  the  midst 
of  the  house  of  Israel  ;  the  land  is  not  able  to  contain  all  his 
words. 

11  For  thus  Amos  hath  said  ;  Jeroboam  shall  die  by  the 
sword  :  and  Israel  shall  certainly  go  into  captivity  from  off  his 
land. 

12  And  Amaziah  said  unto  Amos  ;  O  seer  :  go  flee  thee  unto 
the  land  of  Judah  :  and  eat  there  bread  and  there  thou  shalt 

'prophesy. 

13  And  at  Bethel ;  thou  shalt  not  add  to  prophecy  :  for  it  is 
the  sanctuary  of  the  King  ;  and  the  house  of  royalty  it  is. 

14  And  Amos  answered  and  said  unto  Amaziah ;  I  am  no 
prophet ;  nor  am  I  the  son  of  a  prophet :  but  a  herdman  I  was 
and  a  gatherer  of  sycamore  fruit. 

15  And  Jehovah  took  me  from  following  the  sheep :  and  Je- 
hovah said  unto  me  ;  go  prophesy  unto  my  people  Israel. 

16  And  now  hear  thou  the  word  of  Jehovah  :  thou  art  saying, 
thou  shalt  not  prophesy  against  Israel ;  nor  shalt  thou  drop  [i.  e. 
prophesy]  against  the  house  of  Isaac. 

17  Therefore  thus  Jehovah  hath  said,  thy  wife  shall  be  a 
harlot  in  the  city,  and  thy  sons  and  thy  daughters  shall  fall  by 
the  sword  ;  and  thy  land  shall  be  divided  by  measuring  line : 
and  thou  shalt  die  upon  an  unclean  land  ;  and  Israel ;  shall 
certainly  go  into  captivity  from  off  his  land. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

1  Thus  the  Lord  Jehovah  hath  shewed  me :  and  behold  a 
basket  of  ripe  fruit. 

2  And  he  said  what  art  thou  seeing  Amos;  and  I  said 
a  basket  of  ripe  fruit :  and  Jehovah  said  unto  me  the  end  has 
come  to  my  people  Israel;  I  will  not  add  again  to  pass  over 
to  him. 

3  And  yell  ye  the  songs  of  the  temple  i/i  that  day;  the  Lord 


AMOS.  51 

Jehovah  hath  said  :   great  are  the  corpses  in  every  place  he  has 
cast,  hush. 

4  Hear  ye  this ;  he  that  gaped  for  the  poor :  and  to  destro}' 
the  afflicted  of  the  earth. 

5  Saying,  when  shall  the  new  moon  pass  over  and  we  will 
cause  to  sell  corn  and  the  Sabbath  that  we  may  open  wheat :  to 
make  small  the  ephah  and  to  make  great  the  shekel ;  and  to 
pervert  the  scales  of  deceit. 

C  To  buy  the  poor  with  silver ;  and  the  needy  because  of  a 
pair  of  shoes :  and  the  refuse  of  the  wheat  we  will  sell. 

"V  Jehovah  hath  sworn  by  the  pride  of  Jacob  :  surely  I  will 
not  forget  any  of  their  works  forever. 

8  Shall  not  the  earth  tremble  on  account  of  this ;  and  every 
dweller  in  it  mourn  :  and  it  shall  ascend  like  the  river  the  whole 
of  it ;  and  it  shall  drive  out  and  overflow  like  the  river  of  Egypt. 

9  And  it  shall  he  in  that  day,  the  Lord  Jehovah  hath  said  ;  and 
I  will  cause  the  sun  to  set  at  noon  :  and  I  will  cause  to  darken 
the  earth  in  a  clear  day. 

10  And  I  will  turn  your  feasts  to  mourning,  and  all  your 
songs  to  lamentation  ;  and  I  will  bring  up  sackcloth  on  all  their 
loins  and  baldness  upon  every  head  :  and  I  will  place  it  like  the 
mourning  of  an  only  son,  and  its  end  like  a  bitter  day. 

11  Behold  the  days  are  coming,  the  Lord  Jehovah  hath  said  ; 
and  I  will  send  a  famine  in  the  land  :  not  a  famine  of  the  bread 
nor  a  thirst  of  the  water ;  but  rather  of  hearing ;  the  words  of 
Jehovah. 

12  And  they  shall  wander  from  sea  to  sea ;  and  from  the 
north  unto  the  east :  they  shall  run  to  and  fro  to  seek  the  word 
of  Jehovah,  and  shall  not  find  it. 

13  In  that  day  the  beautiful  virgins,  and  the  young  men  faint 
on  account  of  the  thirst. 

14  Those  who  are  swearing  by  the  trespass  of  Samaria ;  and 
they  shall  say  thy  God  liveth  O  Dan  and  the  life  of  the  way  to 
Beer-she-ba  :  and  they  shall  fall  and  shall  not  rise  again. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

[Fifth  vision.] 

1  I  saw  the  Lord  standing  by  the  altar  and  he  said  smite  the 
knob  and  the  thresholds  shall  crash,  and  wound  them  upon  the 
head  all  of  them  ;  and  the  remainder  of  them   I  will  slay  by 


52  AM08. 

the  sword  :  a  fugitive  of  them  shall  not  flee ;  an  escaped  one  of 
them  shall  not  escape. 

2  If  they  shall  break  through  to  Sheol  ;  from  there  my  hand 
shall  take  them  :  and  if  they  shall  ascend  to  the  heaven  from 
there  I  will  bring  them  down. 

3  And  if  they  be  hidden  on  the  top  of  Mount  Carmel ;  from 
there  I  will  search  them  and  I  will  take  them  :  and  if  they  shall 
be  secreted  before  mine  eyes  in  the  bottom  of  the  sea  from 
thence  I  will  command  the  serpent,  and  he  shall  bite  them. 

4  And  if  they  shall  go  into  captivity  before  their  enemies; 
from  there  I  will  command  the  sword  and  it  shall  slay  them  : 
and  I  will  set  my  eye  upon  them  for  evil  and  not  for  good. 

5  And  the  Lord  Jehovah  of  hosts,  is  he  who  is  touching 
against  the  earth  and  it  shall  melt ;  and  all  the  inhabitants  in 
it  shall  mourn  :  and  it  shall  ascend  like  the  river  the  whole  of  it ; 
and  it  shall  overflow  like  the  river  of  Eg3'pt. 

6  He  who  is  building  in  the  heavens  his  ascents  and  his  troop 
over  the  earth  he  had  founded  it :  he  who  is  calling  to  the 
waters  of  the  sea,  and  pours  them  out  upon  the  face  of  the  earth, 
Jehovah  is  his  name. 

7  Is  it  not  like  the  sons  of  the  Cushites  ye  are  to  me  O  sons  of 
Israel,  Jehovah  hath  said  :  is  it  not  Israel  I  have  brought  up 
from  the  land  of  Egypt ;  and  the  Philistines  from  Caphtor  and 
the  Syrians  from  Kir. 

8  Behold  the  eyes  of  the  Lord  Jehovah  are  against  this  sinful 
kingdom  ;  and  I  will  destroy  it ;  from  off  the  face  of  the  ground : 
except  that  I  will  not  certainly  destroy  the  house  of  Jacob, 
Jehovah  hath  said. 

9  For  behold  I  am  commanding  ;  and  I  will  sift  among  na- 
tions the  house  of  Israel  :  according  as  it  is  sifted  in  a  sieve  and 
there  shall  not  fall  a  grain  upon  the  earth. 

10  All  the  sinners  of  my  people  shall  die  by  the  sword  ;  who 
are  saying,  it  shall  not  overtake  nor  shall  it  come  on  our  account 
this  evil. 

[From  verse  11  and  onward  the  Kingdom  of  Grod  is  set  up.] 

11  "In  that  day  "  ;  I  will  raise  up  the  tabernacle  of  David 
which  is  fallen  :  and  I  will  fence  their  breaches,  and  I  will  raise 
up  its  ruins  and  I  will  build  it  as  in  the  days  of  old. 

12  For  the  sake  that  they  may  inherit  the  remnant  of  Edom 
and  all  the  nations ;  over  whom  my  name  has  been  called  upon 
them  :  Jehovah  the  doer  of  this  hath  said. 


AMOS.  53 

13  Behold  the  days  are  coining  Jehovah  hath  said ;  and  the 
plowman  shall  overtake  the  reaper  ;  and  the  treader  of  grapes 
against  the  sower  of  the  seed  :  and  the  mountains  shall  drip  new 
wine  ;  and  all  the  hills  shall  melt  themselves. 

14  And  I  will  bring  again  the  captivity  of  my  people  Israel : 
and  they  shall  build  the  desolate  cities  and  they  shall  dwell ;  and 
they  shall  plant  vineyards  ;  and  they  shall  drink  their  wine  : 
and  they  shall  make  gardens  ;  and  they  shall  eat  their  fruit. 

15  And  I  will  plant  them  upon  their  land  :  and  they  shall  not 
be  plucked  up  again  from  off  their  land  which  I  have  given  to 
them  ;  Jehovah  thy  God  hath  said. 


OBADIAH, 


Obadiah  writes  of  the  days  which  ^;r^^ecZe  the  millennium,  as 
they  shall  then  affect  the  house  of  Esau  and  the  house  of  Jacob. 
He  was  a  prophet  of  the  Southern  Kingdom,  and  prophesied  be- 
tween the  years  588-583  b.  c.  There  is  no  reference  in  his 
writing  to  Maccabean  times,  nor  to  the  Christian  state  of  things. 
The  indications  of  the  time  when  the  vision  is  to  be  fulfilled  are 
seen  ;  First,  In  the  sending  of  an  ambassador  who  will  be  not  only 
against  Edom,  but  against  "all  the  nations,"  a  wicked  one,  un- 
doubtedly the  Anti-Christ  of  the  New  Testament ;  Second,  At  the 
eighth  verse  the  prophetic  formula  "  in  that  day"  occurs,  which 
fixes  the  time  of  the  second  coming;  Third,  verse  15  marks  it 
by  the  expression,  "the  day  of  the  Lord;"  Fourth,  The  matter 
of  the  twelfth  verse  proves  it ;  Fifth,  verse  21  does  also,  for  it  is 
then  "the  Kingdom  becomes  the  Lord's." 

1  A  vision  of  Obadiah  :  thus  the  Lord  Jehovah  hath  said  con 
cerning  Edom,  we  have  heard  a  report  from  Jehovah,  and  an 
ambassador  [the  root  conveys  the  idea  that  the  ambassador  will 
be  an  adversary,  an  enemy,  a  "wicked,"  Prov.  13  :  17  or  "cruel," 
Prov.  11  :  17;  as  the  root  suggests]  has  been  sent  among  the  na- 
tions; [he  who  rouses  them,  this  ambassador,  saj^s]  arise  ye, 
and  we  will  rise  up  against  her  [Edom]  to  the  battle. 

2  [Jehovah  speaks  by  the  prophet.]  Behold  I  have  made 
thee  small  among  the  nations :  thou  art  exceedingly  despised. 

3  The  haughtiness  [or  proud  insolence]  of  thy  heart  hath  de- 
ceived thee  ;  dweller  in  the  clefts  of  the  rock,  on  high  is  his 
habitation  :  he  is  saying  in  his  heart  who  can  bring  me  down  to 
the  ground  ? 

4  If  thou  wert  to  rise  as  high  as  the  eagle  ;  or  if  among  the 
stars  to  set  thy  nest :  from  there  I  will  bring  thee  down,  saith 
Jehovah  of  Hosts. 

5  If  thieves  had  come  to  thee,  if  plunderers  at  night ;  how 
wouldst  thou  have  been  destroyed  ?  ;  would  they  not  have  stolen 

[54] 


OBADIAH.  55 

their  sufficiency?;    If  vintagers  had   come  would  they  not  have 
left  gleanings  ? 

6  How  have  they  [the  treasures]  of  Esau  been  explored  ; 
how  have  his  hidden  things  been  sought  out. 

7  Unto  the  border  all  the  men  of  thy  covenant  have  sent 
thee;  they  have  deceived  thee,  they  have  prevailed  against 
thee,  the  men  of  thy  peace :  thy  food  they  will  make  strange 
under  thee ;    there  is  no  one   understanding  Mm. 

[This  last  clause  may  be  rendered  in  either  of  two  ways,  be- 
sides our  Bible  translation.  First,  There  is  none  understanding 
because  of  Mm,  meaning  the  "ambassador  "  of  verse  1  who  will  be 
the  Anti-Christ ;  or,  Second,  there  is  none  understanding  him. 
This  refuses  to  translate  the  ablative  prefix  to  the  "him"  re- 
garding it  as  pleonastic.  The  idiom  of  the  language  requires  its 
presence,  but  it  is  passed  over  in  translation  as  it  is  in  the  two 
cases  of  Gen.  37:10,  11,  and  in  numerous  other  instances.  So 
the  reference  of  the  "him  "  would  still  be  to  the  "ambassador." 
He  will  be  energized  by  Satan  and  no  one,  wise  or  unwise,  will 
understand  him  or  his  ways.] 

8  Is  it  not  "in  that  day,"  saith  Jehovah  :  and  I  shall  cause 
to  destroy  the  wise  men  from  Edom  ;  and  understanding  from 
the  mount  of  Esau. 

9  And  thy  mighty  men  shall  be  terrified  O  Teman  :  because 
every  man  of  Mount  Esau  shall  be  cut  off  by  killing. 

[The  cause  of  the  ruin  of  the  Edomites  is  now  assigned.] 

10  Because  of  the  violence  of  thy  brother  Jacob,  shame  shall 
cover  thee  :  and  thou  shalt  be  cut  off  forever. 

11  In  the  day  of  thy  standing  opposite  ;  in  the  day  of  stran- 
gers carrying  captive  his  wealth :  and  foreigners  had  come  to 
his  gates,  and  against  Jerusalem  they  had  cast  a  lot :  even  thou 
wert  as  one  of  them. 

[Speaking  from  the  time  of  "the  day  of  the  Lord,"  verse 
15,  the  Lord  looks  back  two  thousand  five  hundred  or  more 
years,  and  says  :  ] 

12  And  there  shouldst  not  have  looked  on  in  the  day  of  thy 
brother,  in  the  day  of  his  misfortune ;  and  thou  shouldst  not 
have  rejoiced  over  the  sons  of  Judah,  in  the  day  of  their  de- 
struction :  and  thou  shouldst  not  have  enlarged  thy  mouth  in 
the  day  of  trouble. 

13  Thou  shouldst  not  have  entered  in  the  gates  of  my  people 


56  OBADTAII. 

in  the  day  of  their  calamity;  thou  shouldst  not  have  looked, 
oven  thou,  on  his  affliction  in  the  day  of  his  calamity  :  and  thou 
shouldst  not  have  sent  forth  against  his  wealth  in  the  day  of  his 
calamity. 

14  And  thou  sliouldst  not  have  stood  by  the  pass  way  to 
cut  off  his  escaped  ones  :  and  thou  shouldst  not  have  kept  in 
custody  his  fugitives,  in  the  day  of  trouble. 

15  For  near  is  "the  day  of  Jehovah,"  upon  all  the  nations: 
according  as  thou  hast  done  it  shall  be  done  to  thee  ;  thy  recom- 
pen.se  shall  return  on  thy  head. 

16  For  as  ye  have  drunken  upon  my  holy  mountain  ;  all  the 
nations  shall  drink  continually:  and  they  shall  drink  and 
swallow  down  ;  and  they  shall  be  as  though  they  had  not  been. 

[The  remaining  verses  show  the  establishment  of  the  king- 
dom of  Jehovah  on  Mount  Zion.] 

17  And  on  Mount  Zion  there  shall  be  a  remnant,  and  it  shall 
be  holy  :  and  they  shall  possess  the  house  of  Jacob ;  with  their 
possessions. 

18  And  the  house  of  Jacob  shall  be  a  fire  and  the  house  of 
Joseph  a  flame  and  the  house  of  Esau  for  stubhle;  and  they  shall 
burn  among  them  and  consume  them :  and  there  shall  not  be  an 
escaped  one  to  the  house  of  Esau  ;  for  Jehovah  hath  [so]  spoken. 

19  And  they  of  the  South  shall  possess  the  mountain  of  Esau, 
and  they  of  the  plain  the  Philistines  ;  and  they  shall  possess  the 
field  of  Ephraim ;  and  the  field  of  Samaria :  and  Benjamin, 
Gilead. 

20  And  the  captivity  of  this  host  of  the  children  of  Israel 
that  of  the  Canaanites  unto  Zarephath  ;  and  the  captivity  of 
Jerusalem  that  in  Sepharad  :  they  shall  possess  the  cities  of  the 
South. 

21  And  saviours  shall  ascend  in  Mount  Zion  to  judge  the 
Mount  of  Esau  :  and  to  Jehovah  shall  be  the  Kingdom. 


JONAH.^ 


Jonah  prophesied  about  840  to  784  b.  c.  Nineveh,  the  capi- 
tal of  Assyria,  was  in  Jonali's  time  the  largest  and  finest  city  on 
earth.  As  Jonah  was  three  days  and  three  nights  in  the  sea- 
monster's  belly,  so  it  was  foretold  the  "  son  of  man  "  should  be 
three  days  and  three  nights  in  the  heart  of  the  earth.  Jonah 
was  a  type  of  Christ  in  death  and  resurrection.  The  Greek  word 
keetos  rendered  whale  means  a  large  fish,  a  sea  monster  and  it 
was  therefore  applied  to  whales,  sharks,  and  thunnies.  It  does 
not  mean,  necessaril}^  "  whale  "  but  a  sea  monster. 

CHAPTER  I. 

1  And  the  word  of  Jehovah  came  unto  Jonah  son  of  Amittai 
saying, 

2  Arise  go  to  Nineveh  the^reat  city  and  cry  against  it  :  for 
their  wickedness  has  ascended  before  me. 

3  And  Jonah  rose  up  to  flee  to  Tarshish  from  before  Jehovah  : 
and  he  went  down  to  Joppa  and  he  found  a  ship  going  to  Tar- 
shish, and  he  paid  her  fare  and  he  went  down  in  her  to  come 
with  them  to  Tarshish  from  before  Jehovah. 

4  And  Jehovah  sent  out  a  great  wind  into  the  sea  and  there 
was  a  great  tempest  in  the  sea  :  and  the  ship  it  was  thought  to 
be  broken. 

5  And  the  sailors  feared,  and  each  man  cried  unto  his  God 
and  they  cast  forth  the  articles  which  were  in  the  ship  into  the 
sea  to  be  lightened  from  them  :  but  Jonah  had  gone  down  into 
the  innermost  parts  of  the  ship  and  had  lain  down  and  was  fast 
asleep. 

6  And  the  ship-master  drew  nigh  unto  him  and  said  unto 
him  what  are  you  sleeping  for :  arise  cry  unto  thy  God  ;  perad- 
venture  the  triune  God  will  think  upon  us  and  we  shall  not  per- 
ish. ["Elohim"  always  means  "  triune  God."  I  have  so  rendered 
it  throughout  this  book  of  Jonah.] 

1  See  "  Note  on  Jonah,"  page  10.  [  57  ] 


58  JONAH. 

7  And  they  said  each  to  his  fellow  come  and  we  will  cause  to 
cast  lots  ;  and  we  will  know  on  whose  account  this  evil  is  to  us  : 
and  they  cast  lots ;  and  the  lot  fell  upon  Jonah. 

8  And  they  said  unto  him  tell  us  now  on  whose  account  this 
evil  is  upon  us  Avhat  is  thy  business  and  from  whence  thou 
shouldst  come :  what  is  thy  country  :  and  from  what  people  art 
thou. 

9  And  he  said  unto  them  I  am  a  Hebrew  and  I  am  fearing 
Jehovah  the  God  of  the  heavens  who  hath  prepared  the  sea  and 
the  dry  land. 

10  And  the  men  feared  a  great  fear ;  and  they  said  unto  him 
what  is  this  thou  hast  done  :  for  the  men  knew  that  he  was  flee- 
ing from  before  Jehovah  for  he  had  told  it  to  them. 

11  And  they  said  unto  him  what  shall  we  do  to  thee  ;  that 
the  sea  may  be  calm  unto  us  :  for  the  sea  was  going  and 
raging. 

12  And  he  said  unto  them  take  ye  me  up. and  cast  me  into 
the  sea  ;  and  the  sea  shall  be  calm  unto  you  :  for  I  know  that  on 
my  account  is  this  great  tempest  upon  you. 

13  And  the  men  rowed  to  turn  to  the  dry  land  and  were  not 
able  :  for  the  sea  was  going  and  raging  against  them. 

14  And  they  prayed  unto  Jehovah  ani  they  said  we  beseech 
thee  Jehovah  let  us  not  now  perish  on  account  of  this  man's  life ; 
and  do  not  lay  innocent  blood  upon  us  :  for  thou  Jehovah  hast 
done  according  as  thou  hast  pleased. 

15  And  they  lifted  up  Jonah  and  they  cast  him  into  the  sea  : 
and  the  sea  stood  from  its  raging. 

16  And  the  men  feared  Jehovah  with  a  great  fear :  and  they 
sacrificed  a  great  sacrifice  unto  Jehovah  and  they  vowed 
vows. 

CHAPTER  II. 

1  Now  Jehovah  had  appointed  a  great  fish  to  swallow  down 
Jonah  :  and  Jonah  was  in  the  bowels  of  the  fish  ;  three  days  and 
three  nights. 

2  And  Jonah  prayed  ;  unto  Jehovah  his  God  :  from  the  bowels 
of  the  fish. 

3  And  he  said  I  have  cried  because  of  my  distress  unto 
Jehovah  and  he  hath  answered  me  :  from  the  belly  of  Sheol  I 
cried,  thou  heardst  my  voice. 


JONAH.  59 

4  And  thou  didst  cast  me  in  the  depth,  in  the  heart  of  the 
seas  ;  and  the  waters  surrounded  me  :  all  th}'  breakers  and  thy 
waves  passed  over  me. 

5  And  I,  I  said  I  have  been  cast  out  from  before  thine  eyes : 
but  I  will  add  to  look  ;  unto  thy  holy  temple. 

6  The  waters  surrounded  me  to  the  soul ;  the  depth  encom- 
passed me  :   the  weed  was  wrapped  to  my  head. 

7  I  went  down  to  the  bottoms  of  the  mountains ;  and  the 
earth  with  her  bars  was  about  me  forever :  and  thou  hast 
brought  me  up  from  the  pit  O  Lord  my  God. 

8  When  my  soul  fainted  within  me  I  remembered  Jehovah 
and  my  prayer  came  unto  thee  ;  unto  the  temple  of  thy  holiness 

9  They  that  observe  false  vanities  ;  shall  forsake  their  mercy. 

10  And  I  with  a  voice  of  thanksgiving  I  will  sacrifice  to  thee  ; 
as  I  have  vowed  I  will  repay  :  salvation  is  of  Jehovah. 

11  And  Jehovah  spake  to  the  fish  :  and  it  vomited  Jonah  upon 
the  dry  ground. 

CHAPTER  III. 

1  And  the  word  of  Jehovah  came  unto  Jonah  the  second 
time  saying, 

2  Arise,  go  unto  N-ineveh  that  great  city  :  [this  was  the 
greatest  city  in  the  world  at  that  time ;  Babylon  was  then 
smaller]  and  preach  unto  it  the  preaching ;   that  I  bid  thee. 

3  And  Jonah  arose,  and  went  unto  Nineveh  according  unto 
the  word  of  Jehovah  :  and  Nineveh  was  a  great  city  before  God  ; 
of  three  days  walk. 

4  And  Jonah  began  to  come  into  the  city  a  journey  of  one 
day :  and  he  cried  out  and  said ;  yet  forty  days ;  and  Nineveh 
shall  be  overturned. 

5  And  the  men  of  Nineveh  believed  in  God  :  and  they  called 
a  fast  and  put  on  sackcloth  from  the  greatest  of  them  even  unto 
the  least  of  them. 

6  And  the  word  reached  the  King  of  Nineveh ;  and  he  arose 
from  his  throne  ;  and  he  put  off  his  garment  from  himself  :  and 
he  covered  himself  with  sackcloth  ;  and  he  sat  among  the  ashes. 

7  And  he  caused  it  to  be  proclaimed ;  and  published  in 
Nineveh  ;  by  the  decree  of  the  King  and  his  grandees,  saying : 
the  men  and  the  beast  the  cattle  and  the  sheep  shall  not  taste 
any  thing  ;  they  shall  not  feed  :  nor  shall  they  drink  water. 


60  JONAH. 

8  And  men  and  beast  shall  cover  themselves  with  sackcloth ; 
and  they  shall  cry  unto  God  mightily  :  and  they  shall  turn, 
every  man  from  his  evil  way ;  and  from  the  violence  which  is 
in  their  hands. 

9  Who  is  knowing  but  that  the  triune  God  may  turn  and  re- 
pent :  and  return  from  his  fierce  anger  that  we  perish  not. 

10  And  the  triune  God  saw  their  works ;  that  they  turned 
from  their  evil  way  :  and  the  triune  God  repented  of  the  evil, 
which  he  had  spoken  to  do  to  them  and  he  did  it  not. 

CHAPTER  IV. 

1  And  it  displeased  Jonah  exceedingly  :  and  he  was  angry. 

2  And  he  prayed  unto  Jehovah  and  he  said  I  pray  thee 
Jehovah  was  not  this  my  word,  while  I  was  yet  in  my  country  ; 
wherefore  I  anticipated  it  by  fleeing  to  Tarshish  ;  for  I  had 
known  that  thou  art  a  gracious  and  merciful  God  slow  of  anger 
and  of  great  kindness  ;  and  repentest  thee  concerning  the  evil. 

3  And  now  Jehovah  take  I  pray  my  life  from  me  :  for  better 
is  my  death  than  my  life. 

4  And  Jehovah  said  ;  doest  thou  well  to  be  angry  ? 

5  And  Jonah  went  out  from  the  city  and  dwelt  on  the  east 
side  of  the  city  and  he  made  for  himself  there  a  booth,  and  he 
sat  underneath  it  in  the  shade  until  that  he  should  see  ;  what 
should  happen  in  the  city. 

6  And  Jehovah  God  prepared  a  gourd  and  it  came  up  over 
Jonah  to  be  a  shade  over  his  head  to  deliver  him  from  his 
grief :  and  Jonah  was  glad  on  account  of  the  gourd  with  a 
great  gladness. 

7  But  the  triune  God  had  appointed  a  worm  ;  on  the  rising 
of  the  dawn  for  the  morrow :  and  it  smote  the  gourd  and  it 
withered. 

8  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  rising  of  the  sun  that  the  triune 
God  appointed  a  vehement  east  wind  ;  and  the  sun  smote  upon 
the  head  of  Jonah  and  he  fainted :  and  he  requested  that  he 
might  die  ;  and  he  said  ;  better  is  my  death  than  my  life. 

9  And  the  triune  God  said  to  Jonah  doest  thou  well  to  be 
angry  on  account  of  the  gourd  :  and  he  said  I  do  well  to  be 
angry  even  unto  death. 

10  And  Jehovah  said,  thou  hast  had  pity  on  account  of  the 


JONAH.  61 

gourd ;  for  the  which  thou  hast  not  labored  nor  made  it  grow : 
which  came  in  a  night  and  perished  in  a  night. 

11  And  I,  should  I  not  have  pity  on  Nineveh  that  great  city 
which  has  in  it  more  than  twelve  times  ten  thousand  of  men 
which  have  not  known  between  their  right  hand  and  their  left : 
and  much  cattle. 


MICAH. 


MiCAH  was  of  the  Southern  Kingdom.  He  prophesied  758  to 
699  B.  c.  He  treats  of  last  things,  i.  e.,  of  the  days  preceding  the 
second  coming  of  Jesus  ! 

CHAPTER  I. 

1  The  word  of  Jehovah,  which  came  to  Micah,  the  Moras- 
thite ;  in  the  days  of  Jotham,  Achaz,  Yechizkiyah,  King  of 
Judah  :  which  he  foresaw  concerning  Samaria  and  Jerusalem 
[both  kingdoms]. 

2  Hear,  O  peoples,  all  of  them  ;  hearken,  O  Earth  and  her  ful- 
ness :  and  the  Lord  Jehovah  shall  be  among  you  for  a  witness ; 
the  Lord  from  His  Holy  Temple. 

3  For  behold  Jehovah  is  going  forth  [second  coming]  out  of 
His  place  :  and  He  shall  go  down  and  tread  upon  the  high 
places  of  the  earth. 

4  And  the  mountains  shall  be  molten  under  Him  ;  and  the 
valleys  shall  cleave  themselves  :  like  wax  before  the  fire  ;  like 
waters  that  are  poured  down  a  steep  place. 

5  On  account  of  the  transgression  of  Jacob  is  all  this  ;  and  on 
account  of  the  sins  of  the  house  of  Israel :  who  [is  responsible 
for]  the  transgression  of  Jacob,  is  it  not  Samaria  ;  and  who  [for] 
the  high  places  of  Judah  ;  is  it  not  Jerusalem. 

6  And  I  will  place  Samaria  for  a  stone  heap  of  the  field,  for 
planting  of  a  vine  :  and  I  will  pour  her  stones  to  the  valley  ;  and 
her  foundations  I  will  reveal. 

7  And  all  her  graven  images  shall  be  beaten  to  pieces,  and  all 
her  hires  shall  be  burnt  in  the  fire  ;  and  all  her  idols  I  will  make 
a  waste  :  for  from  the  hire  of  an  harlot  she  has  gathered  [them]  ; 
and  unto  the  hire  of  an  harlot  shall  they  return. 

8  On  account  of  this,  I  will  lament  and  howl ;  I  will  go 
spoiled  and  naked  :  I  will  make  a  wailing  like  the  dragons  ;  and 
a  mourning  like  the  young  ostriches. 

[62] 


MICAH.  63 

9  For  her  stripes  are  incurable:  for  Tie  [Anti-Christ]  has 
come  to  Judah ;  he  has  touched  at  the  gate  of  my  people,  at 
Jerusalem. 

10  Tell  it  not  in  Gath  ;  weeping,  weep  not :  in  the  house  of 
Aphrah  ;  I  have  rolled  myself  in  dust. 

11  Pass  over  to  you,  O  inhabitress  of  Shaphir,  naked  of  shame : 
the  inhabitress  of  Zaanan  has  not  gone  forth  at  the  lamentation 
of  the  house  of  Ezel ;  he  [A.  C]  shall  take  from  you  his 
standing. 

12  For  the  inhabitress  of  Maroth  has  writhed  for  good  :  for 
evil  has  gone  down  from  Jehovah  to  the  gate  of  Jerusalem. 

13  Bind  the  chariot  to  the  swift  beast,  O  inhabitress  of  La- 
chish  :  she  is  the  beginning  of  sin  to  the  daughters  of  Zion  ;  for 
in  thee  they  have  found  the  transgressors  of  Israel. 

14  Therefore  thou  shalt  give  presents ;  to  Moresheth-Gath  : 
the  houses  of  Achzib  shall  be  for  a  deceitful  thing  to  the  kings 
of  Israel. 

15  Yet,  I  will  bring  the  iDOSsessor  [A.  C]  to  thee,  O  inhabi- 
tant of  Mareshah  :  unto  Adullam  he  shall  come,  the  glory  of 
Israel. 

16  Make  thyself  bald  and  shave  thyself;  on  account  of  the 
children  of  thy  youth  :  enlarge  thy  baldness  like  the  eagle  ;  for 
they  have  gone  into  captivity  because  of  thee. 

CHAPTER  II. 

1  Woe  to  the  thinkers  of  iniquity  and  to  the  doers  of  evil 
upon  their  beds  :  in  the  light  of  the  morning  they  will  do  it ;  for 
it  is  to  the  power  of  their  hand. 

2  And  they  shall  desire  fields,  and  they  shall  seize  them  ;  and 
houses,  and  they  shall  take  them  :  and  they  shall  oppress  a  man 
and  his  house  ;  and  a  man  and  his  inheritance. 

3  Therefore  thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  ;  behold  me 
thinking  evil  against  this  family :  from  which  ye  shall  not  with- 
draw your  necks,  nor  shall  ye  go  loftily ;  for  a  time  of  evil,  it  is. 

4  In  that  day  He  shall  raise  up  over  you  a  ruler  [not  Mashal, 
but  Moshail,  like  as  5  :  2,  and  he  will  become  the  Anti-Christ,  or 
prince,  of  Dan.  9  :  26]  and  he  shall  wail  a  wailing  ;  it  is  done  ha 
said  ;  we  have  been  certainly  spoiled  ;  the  portion  of  my  people 
he  shall  change  :  how  shall  7ie  move  against  me  !  to  an  apostate, 
our  fields  he  shall  apportion. 


64  MiCAn. 

5  Therefore  there  shall  not  bo  for  thee  ;  one  casting  a  cord  by 
lot :  in  the  congregation  of  Jehovah. 

6  Ye  shall  certainly  not  prophesy  :  ye  shall  not  prophesy  for 
those  ;  reproaches  shall  not  depart. 

7  Has  it  been  said,  O  house  of  Jacob,  is  the  Spirit  of  Jehovah 
shortened  ;  or  are  these  His  doings  :  shall  not  my  words  do  good 
if  that  which  is  right  is  going  on. 

8  And  as  formerly  my  people  shall  rise  up  for  an  enemy; 
from  over  against  a  garment ;  a  mantle  they  shall  strip  off  : 
from  those  who  are  passing  over  confidently  ;  returners  from  the 
war. 

9  The  women  of  my  people  ye  will  drive  out ;  from  the  house 
of  their  delights  :  from  her  children  ;  ye  will  take  my  honor 
forever. 

10  Rise  ye,  and  go  ye,  for  this  is  not  the  rest :  because  it  is 
polluted,  he  [A.  C]  will  destroy,  and  a  determined  destruction. 

11  If  a  man  walking  of  spirit  and  a  liar  has  lied  ;  [saying]  "  I 
will  prophesy  to  thee  ;  of  wine  and  strong  drink  :  "  then  he  shall 
be  a  prophet  of  this  people. 

12  I  will  certainly  gather  Jacob  all  of  thee,  I  will  certainly 
collect  the  remnant  of  Israel :  together  I  will  place  him  like  the 
sheep  of  Botzrah  :  like  a  flock  in  the  midst  of  his  fold  ;  they 
shall  make  a  humming  noise  because  of  men. 

13  The  breaker  [Anti-Christ]  has  ascended  before  them ; 
they  have  broken  forth  and  have  passed  over  ;  the  gate,  and 
they  go  out  by  it :  and  their  King  passes  over  before  them  ;  and 
Jehovah  is  at  their  head. 

CHAPTER  III. 

1  And  I  said,  hear  I  pray  O  heads  of  Jacob  ;  and  rulers  of 
the  house  of  Israel :  is  it  not  for  you  to  know  judgment. 

2  Haters  of  good  and  lovers  of  evil :  strippers  of  their  skin 
from  off  them  ;  and  their  flesh  from  off  their  bones. 

3  And  who  have  eaten  the  flesh  of  my  people  ;  and  their  skin 
from  off  them  they  have  stripped ;  and  their  bones  they  have 
broken  to  pieces :  and  they  have  divided  them  as  in  the  pot ; 
and  as  flesh  in  the  midst  of  the  kettle. 

4  Then  they  shall  cry  to  Jehovah ;  and  he  will  not  answer 
them :  and  he  will  hide  his  face  from  them  at  that  time ; 
according  as  they  have  done  evil  in  their  doings. 


MICAH.  65 

5  Thus  hath  said  Jehovah  ?  concerning  the  prophets  who  are 
seducing  my  people  :  who  are  biting  them  with  their  teeth  and 
they  cried  peace  ;  and  whosoever  will  not  put  upon  their  mouth  ; 
then  they  sanctify  war  against  them. 

6  Therefore  night  shall  be  to  you  because  of  the  vision  ;  and 
darkness  to  you  because  of  divining;  and  the  sun  shall  come 
over  the  prophets;   and  the  day  shall  darken  itself  over  them. 

7  And  the  seers  shall  be  ashamed  and  the  diviners  shall  be 
confounded  ;  and  they  shall  cover  over  their  lip  all  of  them : 
for  there  is  no  answer  of  God. 

8  And  surely,  I,  I  am  filled  with  power  with  the  spirit  of 
Jehovah;  and  judgment  and  might:  to  tell  to  Jacob  his  trans- 
gression ;   and  to  Israel  his  sin. 

9  Hear  ye  this  I  pray  you  O  heads  of  the  house  of  Jacob ; 
and  princes  of  the  house  of  Israel ;  who  are  abhorring  judgment ; 
and  every  thing  that  is  right  they  will  pervert. 

10  Building  Zion  in  blood  and  Jerusalem  in  iniquity. 

11  Her  heads  by  a  gift  will  judge,  and  her  priests  by  a  price 
shall  teach  ;  and  her  prophets  on  account  of  money  shall  divine  : 
and  upon  Jehovah  they  shall  lean  saying  ;  is  not  Jehovah  in  our 
midst ;  there  shall  not  evil  come  upon  us. 

12  Therefore  on  your  account  Zion  shall  be  plowed  as  a  field  : 
and  Jerusalem  shall  be  heaps  and  a  mountain  of  the  house  for 
high  places  of  a  forest- 

CHAPTER  IV. 

1  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  the  end  of  the  days,  the 
mountain  of  the  house  of  Jehovah  shall  be  fixed,  in  the  top  of 
the  mountains ;  and  it  shall  be  lifted  up  above  the  hills :  and 
peoples  shall  flow  unto  it. 

2  And  many  nations  shall  come,  and  they  shall  say,  come  ye 
and  we  will  go  unto  the  mountain  of  Jehovah,  and  unto  the 
house  of  the  God  of  Jacob  ;  and  he  will  teach  us  from  his  ways; 
and  we  will  walk  in  his  paths  :  for  from  Zion  shall  go  forth  a 
law;   and  the  word  of  Jehovah  from  Jerusalem. 

3  And  he  shall  judge,  among  many  peoples;  and  he  shall 
justify  for  numerous  nations  afar  off:  And  they  shall  beat 
their  swords  into  plowshares,  and  their  spears  to  pruning 
hooks ;  nation  shall  not  lift  up  against  nation  a  sword  ;  nor 
will  they  learn  war  again. 

5 


66  MICAH. 

4  And  every  man  shall  dwell,  under  his  vine  and  under  his 
f\g  tree,  and  there  is  none  making  him  afraid  :  for  the  mouth  of 
.T(?hovah  of  hosts  hath  spoken. 

5  For  all  the  peoples;  shall  go;  every  man  in  the  name  of 
his  God  :  and  we,  we  will  walk  in  the  name  of  our  God  forever 
and  ever. 

G  In  that  day  saith  Jeliovah  I  will  collect  the  halting  one; 
and  the  cast  out  one  1  will  gather  ;  and  which  I  have  afflicted. 

7  And  I  will  place  the  halting  one  for  a  remnant ;  and  the  far 
removed  for  a  numerous  nation  :  and  Jehovah  shall  reign  over 
them  in  Mount  Zion  ;  from  now  and  through  eternity. 

8  And  thou  tower  of  the  flock,  hill  of  the  daughter  of  Zion, 
unto  thee  it  shall  come  :  even  the  first  dominion  shall  come ;  the 
Kingdom  shall  be  to  the  daughter  of  Jerusalem. 

9  Now ;  Avhy  wilt  thou  cry  a  cry  :  is  there  no  King  in  thee,  or 
is  thy  counsellor  perished;  that  writhing  has  laid  hold  upon  thee, 
like  she  that  is  bearing. 

10  Writhe  thou  and  break  forth  O  daughter  of  Zion,  as  she 
that  is  bearing  :  for  now  thou  shalt  go  forth  from  the  city,  and 
1  hou  shalt  dwell  in  the  field,  and  thou  shalt  go  to  Babjion,  there 
t  hou  shalt  be  delivered  ;  there  Jehovah  shall  redeem  thee  ;  from 
the  hand  of  thine  enemies. 

11  And  now%  many  nations  have  been  gathered  against  thee  : 
>vho  are  saying  she  shall  be  defiled  ;  and  our  eyes  shall  look 
upon  Zion. 

12  But  they,  have  not  known  the  thoughts  of  Jehovah  ;  and 
they  have  not  understood  his  counsel :  for  he  has  gathered  them 
like  a  sheaf  of  the  threshing  floor. 

13  Rise  up  and  tread  under  foot  O  daughter  of  Zion,  for  I  will 
make  thine  horn  iron  and  th}'  hoofs  I  will  make  brass ;  and  thou 
shalt  beat  down  many  peoples  :  and  I  will  consecrate  to  Jehovah 
their  gain  ;  and  their  wealth  to  the  Lord  of  the  whole  earth. 

[In  English  Bible  first  verse  of  chapter  5.] 

14  Now,  gather  thou  thyself  O  daughter  of  a  troop  ;  a  fortress 
he  has  placed  against  us  :  with  the  rod  they  shall  smite  upon 
the  cheek  bone  ;  the  judge  of  Israel :  and  his  goings  forth  are 
from  of  old  from  eternal  days. 

2  Therefore  he  shall  give  them  up  ;  until  the  time  a  travailing 
[woman]  hath  brought  forth  ;  and  the  remnant  of  his  brethren  ; 
they  shall  return  unto  the  children  of  Israel. 


MICAH.  67 

3  And  he  shall  stand,  and  shall  feed  in  the  strength  of 
Jehovah  in  the  majesty  of  the  name  of  Jehovah  his  God  :  and 
they  shall  dwell ;  for  now  shall  he  be  great  unto  the  ends  of  the 
earth. 

4  And  this  one  shall  be  peace  :  the  Assyrian,  when  he  shall 
come  in  our  land,  and  when  he  shall  tread  in  our  palaces  ;  then 
shall  we  raise  up  against  him  seven  shepherds  ;  and  eight, 
princes  of  men. 

5  And  they  shall  waste  [this  is  future]  the  land  of  Assyria 
with  the  sword  ;  and  the  land  of  Nimrod  in  her  gates  :  and  he 
shall  deliver  from  Assyria ;  when  he  shall  come  in  our  land  ; 
and  when  he  shall  tread  in  our  coasts. 

6  And  the  remnant  of  Jacob  shall  be,  in  the  midst  of  many 
peoples  ;  like  dew  from  Jehovah  ;  like  showers  upon  the  grass : 
which  will  not  tarry  for  man  nor  shall  wait  for  the  sons  of  men. 

7  And  the  name  of  Jacob  shall  be  among  the  nations,  in  the 
midst  of  many  peoples  like  a  lion  among  the  beasts  of  the  for- 
est ;  like  a  young  lion  among  the  flocks  of  sheep  :  who  when  he 
has  passed  over,  both  has  trampled  and  torn  and  there  is  no  de- 
liverer. 

8  Thy  hand  shall  be  high  over  thy  distressors  :  and  all  thine 
enemies  shall  be  cut  off. 

9  And  it  shall  be  in  tliat  day  [a  formula  of  the  future]  saith 
Jehovah  ;  and  I  shall  cut  off  thy  horses  in  thy  midst :  and  I  will 
destroy  thy  chariots. 

10  And  I  will  cut  off  the  cities  of  thy  land  :  and  I  will  destroy 
all  thy  fortresses. 

11  And  I  will  cut  off  witchcrafts  from  thy  land  :  and  cloud 
interpreters  shall  not  be  to  thee. 

13  And  I  will  cut  otf  thy  graven  images  and  thy  standing 
images  from  thy  midst :  and  thou  shalt  not  bow  down  again  to 
the  work  of  thy  hands. 

13  And  I  will  root  out  thy  groves  from  thy  midst :  and  I  will 
destroy  thy  cities. 

14  And  I  will  execute  in  wrath  and  anger  a  vengeance  with 
the  nations  :  which  they  have  not  heard. 


68  MICAH. 

CHAPTER  VL 

1  Hear  now  thai  Miiich  Jehovah  is  saving:  rise  up  contend 
with  the  mountains  ;  and  the  hills  shall  hear  thy  voice. 

2  Hear  ye  O  mountains,  the  contention  of  Jehovah  ;  and  the 
strong  ones,  the  foundations  of  the  earth  :  for  a  contention  of 
Ji^hovah  is  with  his  people ;  and  with  Israel  he  will  justify 
himself. 

3  My  people,  what  have  I  done  to  thee,  and  wherein  have  I 
wearied  thee  :    Answer  thou  against  me. 

4  For  I  have  brought  thee  up  from  the  house  of  Egypt  and  I 
have  redeemed  thee  from  the  house  of  slaves  :  and  I  sent  before 
thee  ;  Moses,  Aaron  and  Miriam. 

5  My  people,  remember  now  what  Balak  King  of  Moab 
counseled ;  and  what  Balaam  the  son  of  Beor  answered  him  : 
from  the  shittim  until  the  Gilgal ;  that  thou  maj^st  discern  the 
righteous  acts  of  Jehovah. 

6  Wherewith  shall  I  come  to  Jehovah  ;  I  will  boAv  to  the  God 
of  the  high  place:  shall  I  come  to  him  with  burnt  offerings; 
with  calves  of  a  j^ear  old. 

7  Will  Jehovah  be  pleased  with  thousands  of  rams  ;  with 
ten  thousands  of  rivers  of  oil :  shall  I  give  my  first  born  for  my 
transgression  ;  the  fruit  of  my  body  for  the  sin  of  my  soul. 

8  He  has  told  to  thee  O  man  what  is  good :  and  what  is 
Jehovah  requiring  from  thee  but  the  doing  of  judgment  and 
the  loving  of  merc}'^ ;  and  the  walking  humbly  with  thy  God. 

9  The  voice  of  Jehovah  shall  cry  to  the  city  and  help  thy 
name  shall  see  :  hear  ye  the  rod  and  who  has  appointed  it. 

10  Are  there  yet  in  the  house  of  the  wicked  [man]  the 
treasures  of  wickedness  :  and  the  ephah  of  leanness  the  abomi- 
nable one. 

11  Shall  I  be  clean  with  the  scales  of  wickedness  :  and  with 
the  purse  with  stones  of  deceit. 

12  As  her  rich  men  have  filled  up  violence  ;  and  her  inhabit- 
ants have  spoken  a  lie  :  and  their  tongue  has  deceit  in  their 
mouth. 

13  And  also  I  will  make  sick  him  that  smiteth  thee :  making 
thee  desolate  on  account  of  thy  sins. 

1  i  Thou  shalt  eat  but  thou  shalt  not  be  satisfied  ;  and  it  shall 
bend  thee  down  in  their  midst  :  and  thou  shalt  overtake  but 


MICAH.  69 

thou  Shalt  not  deliver  ;  and  whomsoever  thou  shalt  deliver  I 
will  ffive  to  the  sword. 

15  Thou,  thou  Shalt  not  reap  :  thou,  thou  shalt  tread  the 
olive  but  thou  shalt  not  anoint  oil ;  and  new  wine  but  thou  shalt 
not  drink  wine. 

16  And  the  statutes  of  Omri  shall  be  kept  and  all  the  work  of 
the  house  of  Ahab  ;  and  thou  shalt  go  in  their  counsels  :  for  the 
sake  of  my  giving  thee  for  a  desolation,  and  her  inhabitants  for 
a  hissing ;  and  the  reproach  of  my  people  shall  ye  bear. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

1  Woe  is  to  me,  for  I  have  been  like  the  gathering  of  the 
summer  fruit ;  like  the  gleanings  of  the  vintage  :  there  is  no 
cluster  to  eat ;  an  early  fig  my  soul  has  desired. 

2  The  righteous  has  perished  from  the  earth  ;  and  there  is 
none  upright  among  men  :  all  of  them  for  blood  they  will  lie  in 
wait ;  every  man  his  brother  they  shall  hunt  with  a  net. 

3  Their  hands  are  upon  the  evil  [to  pretend]  to  do  good  ;  the 
princes  asking  ;  and  the  judge  on  account  of  the  reward  :  and 
the  great  one  is  speaking  the  evil  of  his  soul,  it  is  and  the}-  inter- 
weave it. 

4  Their  best  is  like  a  briar ;  .the  upright  one  than  the  hedge  : 
the  day  of  thy  watchmen,  thy  visitation  has  come;  now  thou 
shalt  be  their  confusion. 

5  Ye  shall  not  trust  in  a  friend  ;  ye  shall  not  confide  in  a 
leader:  from  her  that  lietli  in  lliy  bosom;  keep  thou  the  doors 
of  thy  ijiouth. 

6  For  a  son  is  he  who  despises  a  father  ;  the  daughter  has 
risen  up  against  her  mother;  the  daughter-in-law  against  her 
mother-in-law :  the  enemies  of  a  man  are  the  people  of  his 
house. 

7  And  I,  unto  Jehovah  will  look  ;  I  will  wait  with  expecta- 
tion for  the  God  of  my  salvation  :  my  God  will  hear  me.  [Isa. 
8:17.] 

8  Do  not  rejoice  O  mine  enemy  against  me  ;  for  I  have  fallen, 
I  have  risen  again  :  if  I  shall  sit  in  darkness  Jehovah  shall  be 
light  to  me. 

9  The  anger  of  Jehovah  I  shall  bear  ;  for  I  have  sinned 
against  him  :  until  that  he  shall  plead  my  complaint  and  shall 


70  MICAH. 

do  my  judgment  ;  he  shall  bring  me  out  to  the  light ;  I  shall  see 
in  his  righteousness. 

10  And  mine  enemy  shall  see  it  and  shame  shall  cover  her ; 
she  who  is  saying  unto  me  ;  where  is  Jehovah  thy  God  :  mine 
eyes  shall  look  upon  her  ;  now  thou  shalt  be  for  a  trampling  in 
the  dirt  of  the  streets. 

11  A  day  to  build  th^'  walls  :  that  day  the  statute  shall  be  far 
removed. 

12  In  that  day  and  unto  thee  shall  he  come  from  Assyria  and 
the  cities  of  Egypt ;  and  from  Egypt  and  unto  the  river  ;  and 
sea  from  sea  and  mountain  to  mountain.  [Undoubtedly  this 
verse  alludes  to  the  coming  and  action  of  the  Anti-Christ.] 

13  And  the  land  shall  be  for  a  desolation  on  account  of  her 
inhabitants  :  because  of  the  fruit  of  their  doings. 

14  Feed  thy  people  with  thy  rod,  the  sheep  of  thine  inherit- 
ance ;  dwelling  alone  in  the  forest  in  the  midst  of  Carmel :  they 
shall  feed  Bashan  and  Gilead  as  in  the  days  of  old. 

15  As  in  the  days  of  thy  going  out  from  the  land  of  Egypt : 
I  will  show  him  miracles. 

16  The  nations  shall  see  and  they  shall  be  ashamed  ;  for  all 
their  might :  they  shall  place  the  hand  upon  the  mouth  ;  their 
ears  shall  become  deaf. 

17  They  shall  lick  the  dust  like  the  serpent ;  like  the  creep- 
ers of  the  earth  they  shall  move  out  from  their  prisons  :  unto 
Jehovah  our  God  they  shall  fear  ;  and  they  shall  fear  because  of 
thee. 

18  Who  is  a  God  like  thee,  a  bearer  of  iniquity,  and  a  passer 
over  on  account  of  transgression ;  to  the  remnant  of  his  in- 
heritance :  he  has  not  retained  forever  his  anger  ;  for  he  de- 
lighteth  in  mercy. 

19  He  will  return  [second  coming]  he  will  have  mercy  upon 
us;  he  will  subdue  our  iniquities:  and  thou  wilt  cast  in  the 
depths  of  the  sea  all  their  sins. 

20  Thou  wilt  give  truth  to  Jacob  ;  mercy  to  Abraham  :  as 
thou  has  been  sworn  to  our  fathers  from  the  days  of  old. 


NAHUM. 


Nahum  prophesied  720  to  698  b.  c,  of  last  times. 
CHAPTER  I. 

1  The  doom  of  Nineveh  :  the  book  of  the  vision  of  Nahum 
the  Elkoshite. 

2  God  is  jealous  and  Jehovah  is  avenging ;  Jehovah  is 
avenging  and  having  fury  :  Jehovah  is  avenging  on  His  adver- 
saries ;  and  He  is  keeping  anger  for  His  enemies. 

3  Jehovah  is  slow  of  anger  and  of  great  power  ;  and  will  cer- 
tainly not  acquit  :  Jehovah,  in  the  whirlwind  and  in  the  storm 
is  His  way  ;  and  a  cloud  is  the  fine  dust  of  his  feet. 

4  He  is  rebuking  against  the  sea,  and  He  maketh  it  dry  land  ; 
and  He  maketh  all  the  rivers  dry  :  languishing  is  Bashan  and 
Carmel ;  and  the  fruit  of  Lebanon  is  languishing. 

5  The  mountains  shake  before  Him  ;  and  the  hills  melt  away  : 
and  the  earth  heaved  before  Him  ;  and  the  world  and  all  the 
inhabitants  in  it. 

6  Before  His  indignation  who  shall  stand  ;  and  who  shall  rise 
up  in  the  heat  of  His  anger  :  His  fury  hath  poured  itself  out  like 
the  fire  ;  and  the  rocks  have  been  rent  by  Him. 

7  Good  is  Jehovah  ;  He  is  a  refuge  in  the  day  of  trouble  :  and 
He  knoweth  those  who  are  trusting  in  him. 

8  And  with  an  overrunning  flood,  he  will  make  an  end  of  her 
place  :  and  his  enemies,  he  shall  pursue  unto  darkness. 

9  What  will  ye  purpose  against  Jehovah  ;  an  end  He  is  mak- 
ing :  the  trouble  shall  not  rise  up  twice. 

10  For  though  they  be  twisted  together  like  thorns  ;  and  as 
drunken  with  their  wine  :  they  were  consumed  like  stubble 
fully  dry. 

11  From  thee  7ie  [A.  C]  has  gone  out ;  a  deviser  of  evil  against 
Jehovah:  a  Counsellor  of  Belial. 

12  Thus  saith  Jehovah,  though  they  be  at  peace  and  so 
many;  yet  so  they  have  been  mowed  down  and  he  [A.  C]  shall 


t  Z  NAHUM. 

pass  away  ;  seeing   tliat  I  liave  alllicted  thee    I  will    not   again 
afflict  thco. 

13  And  now;  I  will  break  7d^-  [A.  C.'s]  rod  from  over  thee: 
and  7iis  [A.  C.'s]  bonds  I  will  pluck  off. 

14  And  Jehovah  will  command  concerning  thee ;  there  shall 
no  more  of  thy  name  be  sown,  from  the  house  of  thy  God  I  will 
cut  off  the  graven  and  the  molten  [image]  :  I  will  make  thy 
grave,  for  thou  art  light. 

CHAPTER  II. 

1  Behold  upon  the  mountains  the  feet  of  him  bringing  good 
tidings,  proclaiming  jjeace  ;  observe  thy  feasts  O  Judah,  per- 
form thy  vows:  for  the  wicked  one  [A.  C]  shall  no  more  pass 
over  against  thee,  7ie  [the  A.  C]  is  wholly  cut  off. 

2  He  that  dasheth  in  pieces  [A.  C]  has  come  up  before  thy 
face,  guard  the  fortress :  watch  the  way,  strengthen  thy  loins  ; 
fortify  power  mightily. 

3  For  Jehovah  is  retnrning  the  excellency  of  Jacob  ;  like  the 
excellency  of  Israel :  for  the  emptiers  have  emptied  them,  and 
they  have  ruined  their  vine  branches. 

4  The  shield  of  his  [A.  C.'s]  mighty  men  is  reddened,  the 
valiant  men  are  in  scarlet  ;  with  fire  of  steel  weapons  the  chariot 
shall  be  in  the  day  of  his  [A.  C.'s]  preparation  :  and  the  cypress 
spray  have  been  trembling. 

5  The  chariot  shall  dash  madly  in  the  streets  ;  they  shall  run 
to  and  fro  in  the  broad  places :  their  appearances  shall  be  like 
the  torches  ;  like  the  lightning  they  shall  flash  about. 

6  He  [A.  C]  will  remember  ?ds  mighty  ones  ;  they  shall  be 
stumbling  in  their  goings  :  they  shall  haste  to  the  w^all ;  and  the 
covering  shall  be  prepared. 

7  The  gates  of  the  rivers  have  been  opened  :  and  the  palace 
is  dissolved. 

8  Though  7ie  [A.  C]  has  withstood,  she  has  been  laid  bare, 
she  has  been  carried  away  :  and  her  maids  are  moaning  like  the 
moan  of  doves  ;  smiting  upon  their  breasts. 

9  And  Nineveh  shall  be  like  a  pool  of  waters  from  the  days 
of  its  being  :  and  they  are  fleeing  ;  stand  ye,  stop  3'e,  but  no  one 
is  turning  round. 

10  Plunder  the  silver,  plunder  the  gold  :  and  there  is  no  end 
to  the  store  ;  it  is  abundant  of  every  vessel  of  desire. 


NAHUM.  73 

11  She  is  empty  and  void  and  waste  :  and  the  heart  has  been 
melted  and  [there  is]  a  tottering  of  the  knees,  and  a  pain  of  the 
loins  ;  and  the  faces  of  all  of  them  have  gathered  paleness. 

12  Where  is  the  den  of  the  lions ;  and  a  feeding  place  it  is  for 
the  5'Oung  lions  :  where  the  lion  has  walked,  the  lioness  is  there, 
the  whelp  of  the  lion,  and  there  is  none  causing  to  fear. 

13  The  lion  is  tearing  for  his  whelps;  and  he  is  strangling 
for  his  lionesses :  and  he  has  filled  his  holes  with  prey  ;  and 
his  dens  with  spoil. 

14  Behold  me  against  thee,  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts ;  and  I 
will  burn  her  chariot  into  smoke  ;  and  the  sword  shall  consume 
thy  young  lions  :  and  I  will  cut  off  from  the  earth  thy  prey  ;  and 
not  again  shall  be  heard  the  voice  of  thy  messengers. 

CHAPTER  III. 

1  Woe,  city  of  bloods  :  the  whole  of  it  is  full  of  lie,  robbery  ; 
the  prey  shall  not  withdraw. 

2  The  noise  of  a  whip ;  and  the  noise  of  a  crashing  wheel : 
and  the  horse  prancing  and  the  chariot  dancing. 

3  A  horseman  [A.  C]  is  causing  to  come  up,  and  there  is  the 
flashing  sword  and  the  glittering  spear  ;  and  a  multitude  of  slain, 
and  a  heap  of  carcasses  :  and  there  is  no  end  to  the  corpses  ;  they 
shall  be  stumbling  against  their  corpses. 

4  [And  this  is]  Because  of  the  multitude  of  the  whoredoms  of 
the  harlot  [the  apostate  church]  ;  beautiful  of  grace,  mistress  of 
witchcrafts  :  she  who  is  selling  nations  by  her  whoredoms  ;  and 
families  by  her  witchcrafts. 

5  Behold  me  against  thee,  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  ;  and  I  will 
uncover  thy  skirts  over  thy  face  :  and  I  will  show  the  nations 
thy  nakedness  ;  and  kingdoms  thy  shame. 

6  And  I  will  cast  abominable  things  upon  thee  and  I  will 
contemn  thee  :  and  I  will  place  thee  as  a  spectacle. 

7  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  that  all  they  that  see  thee  shall 
flee  from  thee ;  and  he  shall  say  Nineveh  has  been  spoiled  ;  who 
shall  bemoan  for  her :  From  whence  shall  I  seek  comforters  for 
thee. 

8  Art  thou  better  than  No-Amon  ;  she  that  sat  by  the  riv- 
ers ;  waters  were  round  about  her  :  whose  bulwark  was  the  sea  ; 
from  the  sea  was  her  wall. 


74  NAHUM. 

9  Ethiopia  and  Egypt  were  [her]  strength  and  there  was  no 
end  :  Phut  and  Lubim  had  been  in  thy  help. 

10  Also  she  was  for  the  exile,  she  went  into  the  captivity  ; 
also  her  children  shall  have  been  dashed  in  pieces  at  the  head  of 
all  the  streets  :  and  upon  her  honorable  ones  they  cast  the  lot ; 
and  all  her  just  ones  were  bound  in  chains. 

11  Also  thou  shalt  be  drunken;  thou  shalt  be  hidden  :  also 
thou,  thou  shalt  seek  a  refuge  from  the  enemy  [A.  C] 

12  All  thy  fortresses  are  fig  trees  with  early  ripe  figs  :  if  they 
shall  be  shaken  ;  then  they  shall  fall  upon  the  mouth  of  the 
eater. 

13  Behold  thy  people  are  women  in  thy  midst;  to  thine  ene- 
mies; they  have  certainly  opened  the  gates  of  thy  land  :  fire  has 
consumed  thy  bars. 

14  Waters  of  a  siege,  draw  thou  to  thee  ;  strengthen  thou 
thy  fortresses  :  go  into  the  mire  and  tread  thou  in  the  clay,  make 
the  brick-kiln  strong. 

15  There  shall  the  fire  consume  thee  ;  the  sword  shall  cut  thee 
off;  it  shall  consume  thee  like  the  licker  :  make  thyself  numer- 
ous like  the  licker  ;  make  thyself  numerous  like  tlie  locust. 

16  Thou  hast  multiplied  thy  traders  more  than  the  stars  of 
heaven  :  the  licker  has  stripped  off  and  shall  fly  awa}'. 

17  Thy  crowned  ones  are  like  the  locusts;  and  thy  captains 
are  like  the  swarms  of  locusts:  which  are  encamping  in  the 
hedges  on  a  cold  day  ;  the  sun  has  risen,  and  they  have  been 
flown  i  and  it  is  not  known  his  place  where  they  are. 

18  Thy  she[)lierds  have  slumbered,  O  king  of  Assyria  [A.  C] 
thy  mighty  ones  shall  lie  down  :  thy  people  have  scattered  upon 
the  mountains,  and  there  is  none  gathering  [them]. 

19  There  is  no  healing  to  thy  branch  ;  thy  stroke  is  incurable: 
all  the  hearers  of  thy  report,  shall  clap  the  hand  over  thee  ;  for 
over  whom  has  not  thy  wickedness  passed  continually. 


HABAKKUK. 


Habakkuk  was  of  the  Southern  Kingdom.  He  prophesied 
612  to  598  B.  c. 

The  first  chapter  is  a  complaint  that  is  made  to  God  because 
of  the  coming  and  doing  of  the  personal  Anti-Christ. 

The  second  chapter  is  God's  answer,  and  the  third  chapter  is 
che  prayer  of  the  prophet  on  the  second  coming  of  Jesus  in  His 
glorious  appearing. 

CHAPTER  I. 

1  The  doom  which  Habakkuk  the  prophet  foresaw. 

2.  How  long  have  I  cried,  Jehovah,  and  thou  wouldst  not 
hear  :  I  am  used  to  cry  out  unto  thee  "  a  violent  one  "  [the  Anti- 
Christ]  and  thou  wilt  not  save. 

3.  Why  wilt  thou  shew  me  an  evil  one  and  why  wilt  thou  look 
upon  a  troubler  ;  and  a  destroyer  and  a  violent  one  is  before  me  : 
and  he  has  been  an  adversary,  and  he  shall  raise  up  strife. 

4  Therefore  the  law  is  accustomed  to  chill;  and  judgment 
cannot  go  out  forever  :  for  a  wicked  one  is  causing  to  surround 
the  righteous  ;  therefore  judgment  shall  go  out  perverted. 

5  See  ye  among  the  Gentiles,  and  look  ye ;  and  be  aston- 
ished, be  amazed  :  for  I  am  doing  a  deed  in  your  days ;  [which] 
ye  would  not  believe  if  it  should  have  been  told.     - 

6  For  behold  me  raising  up  the  Chaldeans;  the  bitter  and 
hasty  nation :  which  goeth  to  the  breadths  of  the  earth  to 
give  dwelling  places  which  are  not  his.  [The  singular  is  used  to 
indicate  the  liead  of  the  Chaldean  pov/er,  who  will  become  the 
Anti-Christ.] 

7  Terrible  and  dreadful  lie  is:  from  himself;  his  judgment 
and  his  sentence  shall  go  out.  [He  will  have  no  advisor,  but 
Satan,  whose  tool  he  will  be.] 

8  And  Ms  horses  shall  be  swifter  than  leopards,  and  they  shall 
be  fiercer  than  the  evening  wolves  ;  and  his  horsemen  shall 
spread    themselves :  yea,   his  horsemen  shall  come  from  a  far 

[75] 


76  HABAKKUK. 

distance ;  they   shall  fly  ;  as  an  oaglc  is  accustomed  to  hasten 
to  eat. 

9  Every  one  for  violence  shall  come  ;  and  the  desire  of  their 
faces  is  eastward  :  and  he  shall  collect  captives  as  the  sand. 

10  And  he  shall  scoff  at  kings  ;  and  princes  shall  be  a  derision 
to  him  :  he  shall  laugh  at  any  fortress  ;  and  /le  shall  heap  up  dust 
and  take  it. 

11  Then  a  spirit  [an  evil  one]  has  passed  through  [him]  and 
he  has  transgressed  and  become  guilty  '■  this,  his  power,  is  be- 
cause of  his  god. 

12  Art  thou  not  from  everlasting,  Jehovah,  my  God,  my  Holy 
One,  we  shall  not  die:  Jehovah,  for  judgment  thou  hast  placed 
him  ;  and  O  Rock,  for  reproof  [or  chastisement]  thou  hast 
established  him. 

13  [Thou  art]  purer  of  eyes  than  to  behold  evil ;  and  canst 
not  look  upon  iniquity:  why  shouldst  thou  look  upon  treacherous 
ones  ?  Wouldst  thou  keep  silent ;  when  the  wicked  man  [Anti- 
Christ]  swallows  down  one  more  righteous  than  lie. 

14  And  thou  hast  made  man  as  the  fishes  of  the  sea :  as  the 
creeping  thing  without  a  ruler  over  it. 

15  Every  one,  by  a  hook  he  causes  to  ascend  ;  he  shall  draw 
him  up  in  his  net;  and  he  shall  gather  him  in  his  snare: 
therefore  he  shall  rejoice  and  he  shall  be  glad. 

16  Therefore  he  shall  sacrifice  to  his  net ;  and  he  shall  burn 
incense  to  his  snare  :  for  by  them  his  portion  is  fat ;  and  his 
food  nourishing. 

17  Shall  he  therefore  empty  his  net:  and  not  spare  continu- 
ally to  slay  the  nations. 

CHAPTER  II. 

1  I  will  stand  upon  m}'  watch  ;  and  I  will  set  myself  upon  the 
fortress  :  and  I  will  watch  to  see  what  he  shall  speak  with  me ; 
and  what  I  shall  get  back  because  of  vay  complaint. 

2  And  Jehovah  answered  me  and  he  said  ;  Write  thou  the  vis- 
ion ;  and  engrave  it  upon  the  tables:  in  order  that  the  reader 
may  run  by  it. 

3  For  yet  the  vision  is  for  the  appointed  time  ;  and  at  the  end 
it  shall  hasten  and  shall  not  lie  :  if  it  should  delay  wait  for  it ; 
for  it  shall  certainl}'  come,  it  shall  not  tarry. 


HABAKKUK.  77 

4  Behold  his  soul  has  been  puffed  up,  it  is  not  right  in  him  : 
but  the  righteous  by  his  faith  shall  live. 

5  And  also,  because  the  wine  is  treacherous  ;  he  is.  a  proud 
man,  and  will  not  dwell  quietly  :  since  he  has  made  his  soul  as 
broad  as  hell,  and  he  is  like  death  and  will  not  be  satisfied  ;  but 
he  shall  gather  to  him  all  the  nations  ;  and  he  shall  collect  unt;j 
himself  all  the  peoples. 

6  Shall  not  all  these  take  up  a  proverb  concerning  him;  and 
an  interpretation  of  riddles  against  Mm :  and  one  shall  say,  Woe 
is  he  who  increaseth  that  which  is  not  his  ;  how  long?  and  who 
makes  the  pledge  heavy  to  him. 

7  Shall  they  not  suddenly  rise  up  that  shall  bite  thee?  Yea, 
they  shall  awake  who  shall  shake  thee  violently  :  and  thou  shalt 
be  for  booties  to  them. 

8  Because  thou  hast  spoiled  many  nations  all  the  remnant 
of  the  peoples  shall  spoil  thee  :  because  of  the  blood  of  men 
and  violence  of  the  earth,  the  city  and  all  the  inhabitants 
in  it. 

9  Woe,  he  who  is  a  plunderer  of  an  evil  gain  to  his  house  :  to 
put  his  nest  on  high  ;  to  be  delivered  from  the  hand  of  evil. 

10  Thou  hast  devised  shame  to  thy  house  :  cutting  off  many 
peoples,  and  thy  soul  sinning. 

11  For  a  stone  from  over  the  wall  shall  cry  out :  and  a  beam 
from  the  wood  shall  answer  it. 

12  Woe,  he  is  who  building  a  city  with  blood  :  and  establish- 
ing a  city  by  wrong  doing. 

13  Behold,  is  it  not  from  Jehovah  of  Hosts.:  and  the  peoples 
shall  labor  for  fire  ;  and  the  peoples  shall  weary  themselves  for 
vanity. 

14  For  the  earth  shall  be  filled  full  of  the  knowledge  of  the 
glory  of  Jehovah  :  as  the  waters  cover  over  the  sea. 

15  Woe  to  him  that  causes  his  neighbor  to  drink  ;  who  is 
pouring  out  of  thy  skin  bottle,  and  also  to  make  him  drunk  :  for 
the  sake  of  looking  on  their  nakedness. 

16  Thou  art  more  full  of  shame  than  honor  ;  drink  thou, 
even  thou,  and  be  thou  uncircumcised  :  the  cup  of  the  right 
hand  of  Jehovah  shall  turn  against  thee  ;  and  a  shameful  vomit 
shall  be  on  thy  honor. 

17  Because  of  the  violence  of  Lebanon  it  shall  overspread 
thee;  and  because  of  the  destruction  of  beasts  he  shall  cause 


78  HABAKKUK. 

dismay  :  for  the  blood  of  man  and    the  violence  of   earth  ;  the 
city  and  all  the  inhabitants  in  it. 

18  "What  does  a  graven  image  profit,  that  its  maker  has 
graven  it ;  what  the  molten  image,  seeing  that  it  is  a  teacher  of 
the  liar  [Anti-Christ]  :  for  the  maker  has  trusted  in  his  thought 
concerning  it ;  to  make  dumb  idols. 

19  Woe  to  him  saying  to  the  wood  awake  ;  rouse  up  to  the 
dumb  stone  :  it  shall  teach,  behold  it,  it  is  spread  over  with  gold 
and  silver ;  but  there  is  no  spirit  in  the  midst  of  it. 

20  And  Jehovah  is  in  His  Holy  Temple :  Be  silent  before 
Him,  all  the  earth. 

CHAPTER  III. 

1  A  prayer  of  Habakkuk  the  prophet :  upon  Shigyonoth. 

2  O  Jehovah,  I  have  heard  thy  fame,  I  have  feared  ;  Jehovah, 
thy  work,  in  the  midst  of  the  years  revive  thou  it ;  in  the  midst 
of  the  years  thou  wilt  make  it  known  :  in  wrath  thou  wilt  re- 
member mercy. 

3  God  shall  come  from  Taiman  ;  and  the  Holy  One  from  Mount 
Paran,  Selah  :  His  beauty  has  [then]  covered  the  heavens  ;  and 
His  praise  has  [then]  filled  the  earth. 

4  And  there  shall  be  a  brightness  like  the  sunlight  ;  and  rays 
shall  be  to  Him  from  His  hands  ;  and  there  shall  be  the  hiding 
of  His  power. 

5  A  pestilence  shall  go  before  him  :  and  lightning  shall  go 
out  at  His  feet. 

6  He  has  stood  and  shaken  the  earth,  He  looked  and  made 
the  nations  tremble  ;  and  the  everlasting  mountains  scattered 
themselves  ;  the  eternal  hills  sank  down  :  to  Him  are  the  goings 
of  eternity. 

7  Under  affliction,  I  have  seen  the  tents  of  Cushan  :  the  tent 
curtains  of  the  land  of  Midian,  they  trembled. 

8  Is  it  against  the  rivers  Jehovah  has  been  wroth?  Whether 
is  thine  anger  against  the  rivers ;  or,  thy  wrath  against  the 
sea :  that  thou  wilt  ride  upon  thy  horses,  thy  chariots  of  sal- 
vation. 

9  Thy  bow  shall  be  made  bare  with  barrenness  ;  sated  shall  be 
the  chastisements  of  His  word,  Selah  :  thou  wilt  cleave  the  earth 
with  rivers. 


HABAKKUK.  79 

10  The  mountains  [when]  they  have  seen  thee  shall  writhe  ; 
a  storm  at  waters  has  jDassed  by  :  the  deep  gave  forth  its  voice  ; 
it  lifted  up  its  waves  on  high. 

11  Sun,  moon,  stood  back  in  their  dwelling  :  at  the  light  of 
thine  arrows  they  Avill  go  about ;  at  the  brightness  of  thy  glitter- 
ing spears. 

12  In  indignation  thou  wilt  march  over  the  earth  :  in  anger 
thou  shalt  stamp  down  the  nations. 

13  Thou  hast  gone  forth  for  the  salvation  of  thy  people  ;  for 
the  salvation  of  thine  anointed  ones  :  thou  hast  deeply  wounded 
the  head  of  the  house  of  the  wicked  man  [Anti-Christ]  laying 
bare  the  foundation  even  to  the  neck,  Selah. 

14  Thou  didst  pierce  by  his  staves  the  chief  of  his  nobles  ; 
they  shall  come  out  as  a  whirlwind  to  scatter  me  :  their  rejoic- 
ing shall  be  as  to  devour  the  poor  secretly, 

15  Thou  didst  go  in  the  sea  with  thy  horses  :  the  turbid 
mighty  waters. 

16  I  heard,  and  my  belly  trembled ;  at  the  voice  my  lips 
quivered  ;  [He  M^as  in  alarm  and  pain,  and  added]  rottenness 
shall  come  into  my  bones,  and  within  me  I  shall  tremble  :  since 
I  would  rest  in  the  day  of  trouble  ;  for  on  7m  coming  up  unto  the 
people,  7ie  will  attack  them  with  Ids  troops. 

17  [But]  Although  the  fig  tree  shall  not  blossom,  and  there 
shall  be  no  produce  on  the  vines  ;  though  the  yield  of  the  olive 
has  failed  ;  and  the  fields  have  made  no  food  :  the  flock  is  cut  off 
from  the  fold,  and  there  shall  be  no  cattle  in  the  stalls. 

18  Yet,  I  will  rejoice  in  Jehovah :  I  will  joy  in  the  God  of  my 
salvation. 

19  Jehovah,  the  Lord,  is  my  strength  ;  and  He  has  placed  my 
feet  as  the  hinds  ;  and  upon  my  high  places,  He  will  come  to 
walk  :  To  the  Chief  Musician  of  my  songs. 


ZEPHANIAH. 


Zephaniah  predicts  a^wcZ^TTi^w^  upon  the  whole  world,  —  men, 
cattle,  the  birds  of  the  heaven,  and  the  fishes  of  the  sea.  He 
treats  more  fully  of  the  judgment  upon  the  Jews  and  Jerusalem 
as  the  Jews  are,  after  the  judgment,  to  become  again  God's 
acknowledged  people  ;  but  all  nations  will  be  involved  when  the 
great  and  terrible  day  shall  break  \i\)on  the  world.  The  time 
formulas  indicate  that  these  events  are  to  transpire  at  that  time- 
In  the  first  chapter  they  are  to  be  found  in  verses  7,  8,  9,  10,  14, 
15,  16,  18.  In  the  second  chapter,  in  verse  2.  In  the  third  chap- 
ter in  verses  11,  15  (enemy),  16,  19,  and  20. 

Bucer  wrote  in  1528,  "If  any  one  wishes  all  the  secret  oracles 
of  the  prophets  to  be  given  in  a  brief  compendium,  let  him  read 
through  this  brief  Zephaniah." 

Zephaniah  was  a  prophet  of  the  Southern  Kingdom.  He 
prophesied  640  to  609  b.  c. 

CHAPTER  I. 

1  The  word  of  Jehovah  which  was  to  Zephaniah,  son  of 
Cushi  son  of  Gedalyah ;  son  of  Amariah  son  of  Chizkiyah  ;  in 
the  days  of  Josiah  son  of  Amon  king  of  Judah. 

2  I  will  utterly  sweep  away  everything  from  the  face  of  the 
ground,  saith  Jehovah. 

3  I  will  sweep  away  man  and  cattle,  I  will  sweep  away  the 
fowl  of  the  heaven,  and  the  fishes  of  the  sea ;  and  the  stumbling 
blocks  [or  idols]  together  with  the  wicked  :  and  I  will  cut  off 
man  from  off  the  face  of  the  ground,  saith  Jehovah. 

4  And  I  will  stretch  my  hand  over  Judah  and  over  all  the 
dwellers  of  Jerusalem  :  and  I  will  cut  off  from  this  place  the 
remnant  of  the  Baal;  the  name  of  the  illegal  together  with 
the  lawful  priests. 

5.  And  those  who   are  bowing  down  upon  the  roofs,  to  the 
host  of  the  heavens  :  and  those  who  are  bowing  down,  that  have 
been  sworn  to  Jehovah ;  and  that  have  been  sworn  by  their  king. 
[80] 


ZEPHANIAH.  81 

6  And  those  who  have  been  backsliding  from  following  after 
Jehovah  :  and  who  have  not  sought  Jehovah,  nor  have  they  in- 
quired for  Him. 

7  Hush  [/.  e.,  be  silent];  at  Vno.  presence  [or  second  coming]  of 
the  Lord  Jehovah  :  for  near  is  the  day  of  Jehovah ;  for  Jehovah 
has  prepared  a  sacrifice,  He  has  sanctified  His  called  ones. 

8  And  it  shall  be  in  the  day  of  Jehovah's  sacrifice ;  and  I  will 
punish  the  princes  and  the  king's  sons  :  and  upon  all  that  are 
clothed  with  heathenish  garments. 

9  And  I  will  punish  every  one  who  is  leaping  upon  the 
threshold  in  that  day  :  which  are  filling  the  house  of  their  Lords 
with  violence  and  deceit. 

10  And  it  shall  be  in  that  day  saith  Jehovah,  a  voice  of  a  cry 
from  the  fish  gate  and  a  howling  from  the  second ;  and  a  great 
destruction  from  the  hills. 

11  Howl  ye,  dwellers  of  the  Maktesh  :  for  all  the  people  of 
Canaan  have  been  cut  off ;  they  have  been  cut  off  all  those  laden 
with  silver. 

12  And  it  shall  be,  at  that  time;  I  will  search  Jerusalem  with 
lights :  and  I  will  punish  the  men  that  are  congealed  upon  their 
lees ;  who  are  saying,  in  their  heart ;  Jehovah  will  not  do  good 
nor  will  he  do  evil. 

13  And  their  wealth  shall  be  for  a  spoil ;  and  their  houses  for 
a  desolation  :  and  they  shall  build  houses  and  not  dwell  [in 
them];  and  they  shall  plant  vineyards;  but  they  shall  not 
drink  their  wine. 

14  Near  is  the  day  of  Jehovah,  the  great  one  ;  it  is  near  and 
hasting  exceedingly:  the  sound  of  the  day  of  Jeliovah ;  the 
mighty  man  is  bitterly  crying  there, 

["In  order  to  depict  more  fully  the  terrible  character  of 
this  day,"  says  Kiel,  "  Zephaniah  crowds  together  in  verses  15 
and  16  all  the  words  supplied  by  the  language  to  describe  the 
terrors  of  the  judgment."] 

15  A  day  of  wrath  is  that  day  :  a  day  of  trouble  and  distress, 
a  day  of  ruin  and  desolation  ;  a  day  of  darkness  and  thick  dark- 
ness ;  a  day  of  a  cloud  and  thick  gloom. 

16  Aday  oiXhQ  trumpet  and  the  war  shout:  upon  the  forti- 
fied cities  ;  and  upon  the  high  corner  towers. 

17  And  I  will  bring  distress  upon  men,  and  they  shall  go 
like  the  blind  ;  for  they  have  sinned  against  Jehovah  :  and  their 

6 


82  ZEPHANIAH. 

blood  shall  be  poured  out  like  dust  and  their  flesh  like  dung  balls. 
18  Even  their  silver,  even  their  gold  shall  not  be  able  to  de- 
liver them,  ill  ilie  day  of  the  wrath  of  Jehovah  ;  and  in  the  fire  of 
his  jealousy  the  whole  earth  shall  be  consumed  :  for  an  end,  j-ea 
a  terrific  one  He  shall  make  ;  with  all  the  dwellers  of  the  earth. 

CHAPTER  II. 

1  Gather  yourselves,  and  gather  ye  :  O  nation  that  hath  no 
shame. 

2  Before  a  bringing  forth  of  the  decree  :  like  chaff  the  day 
has  passed  :  before  there  shall  come  upon  you  the  fierce  anger 
of  Jehovah  ;  before  the  day  of  Jehovah's  anrjer  shall  come  over 
you. 

3  Seek  yQ  Jehovah,  all  ye  distressed  of  earth  ;  who  have 
wrought  his  judgment :  seek  ye  righteousness,  seek  ye  humility; 
peradventure  ye  shall  be  hidden  in  the  day  of  Jehovah's  anger. 

4  For  Gaza  shall  be  forsaken  ;  and  Ashkelon  for  a  desolation  : 
they  shall  drive  out  Ashdod  at  the  noon  time  ;  and  Ekron  shall 
be  rooted  up. 

5  Woe,  dwellers  of  the  region  of  the  sea,  the  nation  of  the 
Cherethites :  the  word  of  Jehovah  is  upon  you,  O  Canaan,  land 
of  the  Philistines  ;  and  I  will  destroy  thee  that  there  shall  be  no 
inhabitant. 

6  And  the  region  of  the  sea  shall  be  pastures,  wells  for  shep- 
herds and  for  folds  of  sheep. 

7  And  the  coast  shall  be  for  the  remnant  of  the  house  of 
Judah,  upon  them  they  shall  feed  [their  flocks]:  in  the  houses  of 
Ashkelon,  in  the  evening,  they  shall  lie  down  ;  for  Jehovah  their 
God  shall  visit  them  and  shall  turn  their  captivity. 

8  I  have  heard  the  reproach  of  Moab  ;  and  the  revilings  of  the 
sons  of  Ammon  :  whereby  they  have  reproached  my  people  ;  and 
made  themselves  great  against  their  border. 

9  Therefore  as  I  live  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  God  of  Israel, 
that  Moab  shall  be  as  Sodom  and  the  sons  of  Ammon  as  Gomor- 
rah ;  a  spreading  out  of  nettles  and  salt  pits  and  a  desolation 
forever :  the  remnant  of  my  people  shall  spoil  them  and  the 
residue  of  my  people  shall  inherit  them. 

10  This  shall  be  to  them  for  their  pride  :  because  they  have 
reproached  and  made  themselves  great  against  the  people  of 
Jehovah  of  Hosts. 


ZEPHANIAH.  83 

11  Fearful  is  Jehovah  over  them  ;  for  He  has  consumed  !  all 
the  gods  of  the  earth  :  and  they  shall  bow  down  to  him,  every 
man  from  his  place  ;  all  the  islands  of  the  nations. 

12  Also  ye  Ethiopians  ;  slain  of  my  sword  [the  Anti-Christ] 
they  shall  be. 

13  And  He  [the  bearer  of  my  sword]  shall  stretch  out  His 
hand  against  the  North  and  shall  destroy  Assyria  :  and  He  shall 
make  Nineveh  for  a  desolation  ;  a  dry  land  like  the  wilderness. 

14  And  flocks  shall  lie  down  in  the  midst  of  her,  all  the 
beasts  of  the  nations  ;  also  the  pelican,  also  the  hedgehog  shall 
lodge  in  her  chapiters  :  a  voice  shall  sing  in  the  window,  desola- 
tion at  the  threshold  ;  for  he  hath  uncovered  the  cedar  work. 

15  This  is  the  joyous  city,  she  that  dM^ells  in  security ;  she  is 
saying  in  her  heart ;  I  am  and  there  is  none  else  beside  me  :  how 
has  she  become  a  desolation,  a  resting  place  for  the  beast ;  every 
one  passing  by  her  shall  hiss  and  wave  his  hand. 

CHAPTER  III. 

1  Woe  rebelling,  and  being  polluted  :  the  oppressing  city. 

2  She  has  not  obeyed  the  voice  ;  she  has  not  accepted  correc- 
tion :  in  Jehovah  she  has  not  confided  ;  unto  her  God  she  has 
not  drawn  near. 

3  Her  princes  in  her  midst  are  roaring  lions  :  her  judges  are 
evening  wolves  ;  they  leave  not  a  bone  till  the  morning. 

4  Her  prophets  are  vainglorious;  men  of  treachery:  her  priests 
have  profaned  the  holy  place  ;  they  have  done  violence  to  the  law, 

5  Jehovah,  is  righteous  in  her  midst ;  He  will  do  no  iniquity  : 
every  morning  his  judgment  He  will  bring  to  the  light,  it  has 
not  been  wanting  ;  but  the  unjust  is  not  knowing  shame. 

6  I  have  cut  off  nations,  their  corner  towers  have  been  deso- 
lated ;  I  have  laid  waste  their  streets,  without  one  passing  by  : 
their  cities  have  been  destroyed  without  a  man  [remaining]  for 
there  is  no  inhabitant, 

7  I  have  said,  surely  thou  wilt  fear  me,  thou  will  accept  cor- 
rection ;  and  her  dwelling  should  not  be  cut  off  ;  all  which  I  had 
appointed  unto  her :  but  they  rose  early  they  corrupted  ;  all 
their  doings. 

8  Therefore  wait  ye  for  me,  saith  Jehovah  ;  for  the  day  of  my 
rising  up  for  the  prej^ :  for  my  judgment  [is  near]  to  gather  the 
nations,  for  my  gathering  t'lo  kingdoms,  to  pour  out  upon  them 


84  ZEPHANTAH. 

my  indignation,  all  the  fury  of  my  anjjor  ;  for  by  the  fire  of  my 
jealousy  ;  all  the  earth  shall  be  consumed. 

9  For  then  I  will  change  unto  the  peoples  a  pure  language: 
to  call  all  of  them  on  the  name  of  Jehovah  ;  to  serve  Him  with 
one  shoulder. 

10  From  over  the  rivers  of  Ethiopia  my  suppliants,  the 
daughter  of  my  dispersed  ;  they  shall  bring  my  ofl'oring. 

11  In  that  day  [prophetic  formula  for  second  coming]  thou 
shalt  not  be  ashamed  for  all  thy  doings  ;  which  thou  hast  trans- 
gressed against  me:  for  then  I  will  remove  from  thy  midst  the 
exulters  of  thy  pride  ;  and  thou  shalt  no  more  be  haughty  in  my 
holj'^  mountain. 

12  And  I  will  cause  to  remain  in  thy  midst ;  an  afWicted  and 
poor  people  :  and  they  shall  trust  in  the  name  of  Jehovah. 

13  The  "remnant  "  of  Israel  shall  not  do  inquity,  nor  shall 
they  speak  a  lie  ;  nor  shall  the  tongue  of  deceit  be  found  in  their 
mouth  :  for  they,  they  shall  feed  and  lie  down  and  none  is  caus- 
ing them  to  fear. 

14  Sing,  O  daughter  of  Zion  ;  shout,  O  Israel :  be  thou  glad 
and  exult  with  all  thy  heart  O  daughter  of  Jerusalem. 

15  Jehovah  hath  removed  thy  judgments ;  He  hath  cleared 
away  thy  enemy  [who  will  be  the  Anti-Christ]  :  the  King  of  Is- 
rael, Jehovah,  is  in  the  midst  of  thee;  thou  shalt  not  fear  evil  again. 

16  In  that  day  [prophetic  formula] ;  it  shall  be  said  to  Jerusa- 
lem don't  fear  :  O  Zion  don't  relax  thy  hand. 

17  Jehovah,  thy  God,  in  the  midst  of  thee,  is  an  exceedingly 
mighty  Man,  he  shall  save:  he  shall  rejoice  over  thee  with  glad- 
ness, he  will  be  silent  in  His  love  ;  he  will  exult  over  thee  with 
singing. 

18  The  mourners  because  of  the  solemn  meeting  I  have  gath- 
ered [to  myself]  for  from  thee  they  were  :  a  burden,  a  reproach 
on  her  account. 

19  Behold  me,  at  that  time  [another  formula]  dealing  with  all 
those  that  afflict  thee  :  and  I  will  save  the  limping  one  and  her 
that  has  been  cast  out  I  will  gather  ;  and  I  will  place  them  for  a 
praise  and  for  a  name  in  every  land  :  of  their  shame. 

20  At  that  time  [another  formula]  I  will  bring  you ;  even  in 
the  time  of  my  collecting  you  :  for  I  will  give  you  for  a  name 
and  for  a  praise  among  all  the  people  of  the  earth ;  on  my  turn- 
ing your  captivity  before  your  eyes,  saith  Jehovah. 


HAGGAI, 


"  Haggai"  means  "my  feast,"  and  his  prophecy  forebodes 
good  to  the  Jews.  He  prophesied  520  to  512  b.  c,  after  the  return 
from  the  captivity.  The  prophetic  portion  of  the  book,  is  in 
chapter  2 :  6-9,  20-23.  These  eight  verses,  forming  two  separate 
paragraphs  in  tlie  Hebrew  Bible,  describe  what  will  happen  at 
the  second  coming  of  Jesus.  It  is  the  time  when  He  shall  shake 
the  heavens,  and  the  earth,  and  the  sea,  and  the  dry  land,  and 
all  the  nations  too.  The  people  that  remain,  after  this  shaking, 
shall  be  desirous  of  visiting  the  city  of  Jerusalem  for  two  rea- 
sons :  first,  because  the  King,  Jehovah  Jesus,  having  come  back 
to  earth,  will  be  there  in  person ;  and  second,  because  He  will 
have  re-built  the  Temple  and  in  consequence  it  will  be  the  at- 
tractive point  as  Jesus  will  fill  that  house  with  his  glory  !  He  con- 
trasts Solomon's  Temple  with  that  of  Hii  building,  and  calls 
Solomon's  W\q  first  and  His  the  last.  He  affirms  that  the  glory  of 
this  last  house  shall  be  greater  than  that  of  the  first  house, 
although  we  know  from  2  Chron.  7 :  2  that  "the  glory  of  Jeho- 
vah had  filled  the  [first]  house." 

CHAPTER   I. 

1  In  the  second  year  of  Darius  the  king  ;  in  the  sixth  month  ; 
in  the  first  day  of  the  month  :  the  word  of  Jehovah  was  by  the 
hand  of  Haggai  the  prophet,  unto  Zerubbabel,  son  of  Shealtiel, 
governor  of  Judah  ;  and  unto  Joshua  son  of  Jehozadak  the  great 
priest,  saying, 

2  Thus  hath  Jehovah  of  Hosts  said,  saying  :  this  people  have 
said  ;  the  time  has  not  come,  the  time  of  Jehovah's  house  to  be 
built. 

3  And  the  word  of  Jehovah  was  by  the  hand  of  Haggai  the 
prophet,  saying, 

4  Is  it  a  time  for  you,  O  ye  ;  to  dwell  in  your  wainscoted 
houses :  and  this  lies  waste. 

[85] 


86  HAGGAI, 

5  And  now ;  thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  :  Set  your 
heart  upon  your  wages. 

G  Ye  have  sown  much  and  brought  in  little,  eating  and  there 
is  no  abundance,  drinking  and  there  is  no  exhilaration  ;  clothing 
but  there  is  no  warmth  to  it  :  and  he  who  laboreth  for  wages  ; 
works  for  wages  into  a  perforated  purse. 

7  Thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  :  Set  your  heart  upon 
your  wages. 

8  Ascend  ye  the  mountain,  and  bring  wood,  and  build  ye  the 
house:  and  I  will  take  pleasure  in  it  and  I  will  be  glorified 
Jehovah  has  said. 

9  Looking  for  much,  and  behold  [it  came]  to  be  little; 
and  ye  brought  it  home,  and  I  blew  against  it :  for  what  reason  ? 
saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  ;  because  of  my  house  that  lieth  waste  ; 
and  ye  are  running  every  man  to  his  own  house. 

10  Therefore  on  your  account,  the  heavens  are  restrained 
from  dew  :  and  the  earth  has  withheld  her  increase. 

11  And  I  called  a  drought  upon  the  earth  and  upon  the 
mountains,  and  upon  the  corn,  and  upon  the  new  wine  and  upon 
the  new  oil;  and  upon  what  the  ground  shall  produce:  and 
upon  man,  and  upon  the  cattle ;  and  upon  all  the  labor  of  their 
hands. 

12  Then  hearkened  Zerubbabel  son  of  Shealtiel,  and  Joshua 
son  of  Jehozadak,  the  great  priesi  and  all  the  remnant  of  the 
people,  unto  the  voice  of  Jehovah  their  God  and  unto  the  words 
of  Haggai  the  prophet  for  the  reason  that  Jehovah  their  God  had 
sent  him  :  and  the  people  feared  before  Jehovah. 

13  And  Haggai  the  messenger  of  Jehovah  said  by  a  message 
of  Jehovah  to  the  people,  saying  :  I  am  with  you  saith  Jehovah. 

14  And  Jehovah  stirred  up  the  spirit  of  Zerubbabel  son  of 
Shealtiel  governor  of  Judah,  and  the  spirit  of  Joshua  son  of 
Jehozadak  the  great  priest;  and  the  spirit  of  all  the  remnant 
of  the  people  :  and  they  came  and  did  the  work  on  the  house 
of  Jehovah  of  Hosts,  their  God. 

15  On  the  four  and  twentieth  day,  in  the  sixth  month :  in  the 
second  year  of  Darius  the  king. 


HAGGAI.  87 

CHAPTER  II. 

1  On  the  seventh  ;  on  the  twenty-first  day  of  the  month  :  the 
word  of  Jehovah  was  by  the  hand  of  Haggai  the  prophet, 
saying. 

2  Say  now,  unto  Zerubbabel  son  of  Shealtiel,  governor  of 
Judah  ;  and  unto  Joshua  son  of  Jehozadak,  the  great  priest :  and 
unto  the  remnant  of  the  people,  saying. 

3  Who  among  you  that  is  left ;  who  saw  this  house  in  its 
glory  the  first :  and  what  are  ye  seeing  now  ;  is  it  not  as  it  is,  as 
nothing,  in  your  eyes  ? 

4  And  now  be  strong  O  Zerubbabal,  saith  Jehovah,  and  be 
strong  O  Joshua  son  of  Jehozadak  the  great  priest  and  be  strong 
all  the  people  of  the  land  saith  Jehovah,  and  work  ye :  for  I  am 
with  you  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts. 

5  [In  conformity  with]  The  word  which  I  ratified  with  you 
on  your  coming  out  of  Egypt  and  my  Spirit  is  standing  in  your 
midst  :  Don't  fear. 

6  For  thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  ;  [the  topic  is  here  the 
coming  of  Jehovah  Messiah  to  set  up  His  Kingdom]  yet  once,  a 
little  time  it  is :  and  I,  am  causing  to  shake,  the  heavens  and 
the  earth  ;  and  the  sea  and  the  dry  [land]. 

7  And  I  will  cause  to  shake  all  the  nations ;  and  they  shall 
come  to  [Jerusalem]  the  desire  of  all  the  nations  :  and  I  will  fill 
this  house  [then  to  be]  with  glory  ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  has  said. 

8  Mine  is  the  silver,  and  mine  is  the  gold  :  saith  Jehovah  of 
Hosts. 

9  Greater  shall  be  the  glory  of  this  last  house  than  the  first ; 
Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  :  and  in  this  place  I  will  give  peace ; 
saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts. 

10  In  the  four  and  twentieth  of  the  ninth  [month]  in  the  sec- 
ond year  of  Darius :  the  word  of  Jehovah  M-as  ;  by  the  hand  of 
Haggai  the  prophet,  saying. 

11  Thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  :  Ask  now  the  priests 
the  law,  saying. 

12  Whether  a  man  may  carry  holy  flesh  in  the  skirt  of  his 
garment  and  may  touch  by  his  skirt  against  the  bread  or  against 
the  pottage  or  against  the  wine  or  against  the  oil  or  against  an^^ 
food,  shall  it  be  holy  :  and  the  priests  shall  answer  and  they 
shall  say,  No. 


88  HAGGAI. 

13  And  Haggai  said ;  if  an  unclean  person  shall  touch 
against  any  of  these  shall  it  be  unclean  :  and  the  priest-;  answered 
and  they  said,  it  shall  be  unclean. 

14  And  Haggai  answered  and  said,  So  is  this  people  and  so  is 
this  nation  before  me  saith  Jehovah  ;  and  so  are  all  the  works  of 
your  hands  :  and  what  they  shall  offer  to  me  there  unclean  it  is. 

15  And  now,  set  ye  I  pray  j'ou  to  your  heart ;  from  this  day 
and  beyond  :  from  before  to  place  a  stone  upon  a  stone  in  the  pal- 
ace or  temple  of  Jehovah. 

16  From  their  so  being  one  came  to  a  heap  of  sheaves  ;  and  it 
was  ten :  one  came  to  the  vat  to  draw  fifty  poorah  ;  and  it  was 
twenty. 

17  I  have  smitten  you  with  the  blasting  and  with  the  mildew 
and  with  the  hail ;  with  all  the  works  of  your  hands  :  and  ye  are 
not  [turning]  unto  me  saith  Jehovah. 

18  Set  ye,  I  pray  you,  to  your  heart  from  this  day  and  for- 
ward :  from  the  twenty-fourth  of  the  ninth  month,  from  the 
day  when  the  temple  of  Jehovah  had  been  founded,  set  ye  it  to 
your  heart. 

19  Is  the  seed  yet  in  the  barn;  and  even  the  vine  and  the  fig 
tree  and  the  pomegranate  and  the  olive  tree  hath  not  borne  : 
from  this  very  day  I  will  bless  thee. 

20  And  the  w^ord  of  Jehovah  was  the  second  time  unto  Hag- 
gai ;  in  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  the  month,  saying. 

21  Say  thou  unto  Zerubbabel,  governor  of  Judah,  saying :  I 
am  causing  to  shake  the  heavens  and  the  earth. 

22  And  I  will  overturn  the  throne  of  kingdoms,  and  I  will  de- 
stroy the  strong  one  [or  sovereign,  Anti-Christ]  of  the  kingdoms 
of  the  nations  :  and  I  will  overturn  the  chariot  and  her  riders ; 
and  they  shall  go  down,  horses  and  their  riders:  every  man  by 
the  sword  of  his  brother. 

23  III  that  day  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  I  will  take  thee  Zerub- 
babel son  of  Shealtiel  my  servant,  saith  Jehovah  ;  and  I  will 
place  thee  as  a  seal :  for  I  have  chosen  thee  saith  Jehovah  of 
Hosts. 


ZECHARIAH. 


Zechariah  prophesied  520  to  510  b.  c.  It  was  after  the  return. 
This  book  contains,  in  the  first  six  chapters,  nine  visions,  all  had 
in  one  night.  In  the  seventh  chapt,er,  after  two  years  of  silence, 
the  question  was  asked  :  "  Shall  I  weep,  as  I  have  done  these  so 
many  years  ?"  i.  e.,  during  the  seventy  years  of  the  captivity; 
and  the  question  is  answered  in  the  seventh  and  eighth  chapters, 
with  glorious  millennial  predictions  in  the  eighth  chapter.  The 
ninth,  tenth,  and  eleventh  chapters  together  contain  a  "bur- 
den," or  sentence,  or  doom,  pertaining  to  the  last  days  ;  and  the 
twelfth,  thirteenth,  and  fourteenth  chapters  to  still  another  doom 
for  the  same  time,  or  closely  following. 

Twenty-seven  iircLQS,  formulas  occur,  fixing  the  time  as  that  of 
the  second  coming  of  Jesus.  They  are:  1:16;  "I  am  re- 
turned;" 8:3:  "lam  returned;"  8:23:  "In  those  days;" 
14 :  1  :  "  The  day  of  the  Lord  ;  "  14  :  3  :  "  Then  shall  the  Lord  go 
forth;  "  14:5:  "The  Lord  shall  come;"  14:7:  "  It  shall  be 
one  day."  And  there  remain  twenty  of  these  formulas  indicated 
by  the  expression  "in  that  day,"  as  in  2  :  11  ;  3:10;  9:16; 
11 :  11 ;  12  : 3,  4,  6,  8,  9,  11 ;  13  : 1,  2,  4  ;  14  :  4,  6,  8,  9,  13,  20,  21. 

The  first  six  chapters  contain  about  thirty  symbols ;  and 
symbols  are  prophecies  of  future  events.  They  are  :  in  the  first 
vision,  "  horseman  "  in  1  :  8-11  and  "  horses  "  in  1  :2-8.  In  the 
second  Yi^iow,  "horns  and  carpenters;"  in  the  tJiird  \is\o\i,  a 
"man  and  a  measuring  line  ;  "  in  the  fourth  vision,  a  "stone  of 
seven  eyes ;  "  in  the  fifth  vision,  a  "  candlestick  of  gold  and  its 
bowl,"  its  "  seven  lamps  and  pipes,"  its  "  two  olive  trees,"  and  its 
future  house,  or  "  Temple  ;  "  in  the  sixthvision,  the  "  flying  roll," 
explained  in  chapter  5  : 3,  4  ;  in  the  seventh  vision,  the  "ephah," 
that  "wicked  woman,"  with  its  "talent  of  lead"  and  "  two 
women  "  in  the  ephah,  and  the  "house  in  Shinar  ;  "  in  the  eighth 
vision,  the  "  four  chariots  "  and  "two  mountains  of  brass"  and 
"four  different  colored  horses,"  explained  in  chapter  6:5;  in 

[89] 


90  ZECHARIAH. 

the  nint/i  y'lsion,  "four  crowns  and  horns "  disposed  of  and  a 
"new  temple"  is  seen,  and  the  "Man"  whose  name  is  the 
"Branch." 

The  seventh  and  eighth  chapters  are  didactic ;  and  the  last 
six  are  prophetical.  They  all  unite  in  describing  events  that  will 
transpire  at  and  after  the  second  coming  of  Jesus.  The  com- 
mentators, without  exception,  look  back  to  Alexander's  con- 
quests in  Syria,  and  to  Maccabean  victories  for  a  fulfilment  of 
these  prophecies.     Therefore,  avoid  all  commentators. 

CHAPTER  I. 

1  In  the  eighth  month ;  in  the  second  year  to  Darius :  the 
word  of  Jehovah  came,  unto  Zechariah,  son  of  Berechyah  :  son 
of  Iddo  the  prophet,  saying, 

2  Jehovah  hath  been  greatly  angry,  with  your  fathers. 

3  And  thou  shalt  say  unto  them,  thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath 
said ;  return  ye  unto  me  ;  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  :  and  I  will 
return  unto  you  ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said. 

4  Do  not  be  like  your  fathers,  when  the  former  prophets 
called  unto  them,  saying,  thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  ;  turn 
ye  now  from  your  evil  waj^s ;  and  from  j^our  evil  deeds  :  but 
they  would  not  hear,  nor  would  they  hearken  unto  me,  saith 
Jehovah. 

5  Your  fathers,  where  are  they  :  and  the  prophets  ;  shall  they 
live  forever  ? 

6  But  my  words  and  my  statutes  which  I  have  commanded 
with  my  servants  the  prophets ;  is  it  not  they  have  overtaken 
your  fathers  :  and  they  returned  and  said,  according  as  Jehovah 
of  Hosts  has  thought  to  do  to  us,  according  to  our  ways,  and  ac- 
cording to  our  actions  ;  so  He  has  done  with  us. 

[New  paragraph.  The  first  six  verses  are  an  introductory 
exhortation.] 

7  On  the  twenty  and  fourth  day  of  the  eleventh  month,  it 
is  the  month  of  Shebat ;  in  the  second  year  of  Darius  :  came  the 
word  of  Jehovah  unto  Zechariah,  son  of  Berechyah  son  of  Iddo 
the  prophet,  saying, 

[First  vision.] 

8  I  have  seen  this  night,  and  behold  a  man  riding  on  a  red 
hji'se ;   and  He  standing  among  the  myrtle  trees,  which  are  in 


ZECHARIAH.  91 

the  hollow :  and  behind   Him   were  red  horses ;  speckled  and 
white. 

9  And  I  said,  what  are  these  sir  :  and  he  said  unto  me,  the 
angel  that  was  speaking-  with  me,  I  will  show  thee,  what 
these  are. 

10  And  the  man  [of  verse  8]  that  was  standing  among  the 
myrtles,  answered  and  said  :  these  [are  they]  whom  Jehovah  has 
sent  to  walk  about  in  the  earth. 

11  And  they  answered  the  angel  Jehovah  [the  man  of  verse 
8]  He  who  was  standing  among  the  myrtle  trees  ;  and  they  said, 
we  have  walked  about  in  the  earth  :  and  behold  all  the  earth  is 
dwelling  and  resting. 

12  And  the  angel  Jehovah  answered  and  He  said  [the  man, 
the  servant,  addressed  His  Father]  Jehovah  of  Hosts  ;  how  long 
wilt  thou  not  have  mercy  with  Jerusalem  and  with  the  cities  of 
Judah  :  which  thou  hast  been  angry  with  these  seventy  years. 

13  And  Jehovah  answered  the  angel  who  was  speaking  with 
me  good  words  :  comforting  words. 

14  And  the  angel  that  was  speaking  with  me  answered,  cry 
saying,  thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  I  have  been  jealous  for 
Jerusalem  and  for  Zion  with  a  great  jealousy. 

15  And  with  a  great  anger  I  am  angry  over  the  nations  that 
are  at  ease  ;  since  I  was  angry  a  little  ;  and  they  aided  for  evil. 

16  Therefore,  thus  saith  Jehovah,  I  have  returned  to  Jerusalem 
with  mercies  J  my  liouse  ^Yi'dAl  be  built  in  it  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  ; 
and  a  line  shall  be  inclined  over  Jerusalem. 

17  Again  cry  thou  saying,  thus  saith   Jehovah  of  Hosts; 
again  my  cities  shall  spread  abroad  for  good ;  and  Jehovah  shall 
comfort  Zion  again ;  and  He  shall  again  choose  in  Jerusalem, 

[Verses  18-21  form  the  first  four  verses  of  chapter  two  in  the 
Hebrew  Bible.     They  begin  the  second  vision.] 

CHAPTER  II. 

[Second  vision] 

1  And  I  lifted  up  my  eyes,  and  saw;  and  behold /M^r  horns. 
[They  symbolize  nations,  or  world  powers.] 

2  And  I  said :  unto  the  angel,  who  spoke  with  me,  what  are 
these :  and  he  said  unto  me  ;  these  are  the  horns  [Babylon,  Per- 
sia, Greece,  and  Rome]  which  have  scattered  Judah,  Israel  and 
Jerusalem. 


92  ZECHARIAH. 

3  And  Jehovah  showed  me  ;  four  carpenters  [or  artificers]. 

4  And  I  said  :  what  are  these  coming  to  do  :  and  he  said  say- 
ing, these  are  the  horns  which  have  scattered  Judah,  so  that  no 
man  could  lift  up  his  head  ;  hut  these  [carpenters]  are  come  to 
terrify  them  ;  to  cast  out  the  horns  of  the  nations  which  are  lift- 
ing up  a  horn  against  the  land  of  Judah  to  scatter  it. 

[D.  N.  Lord,  in  Vol.  9,  p.  326,  of  his  "Literary  Journal,"  says  : 
"  Hofl'man  has  conclusively  proven  and  Baumgarten  has  more 
fully  elaborated  his  view,  that  the  four  horns  and  four  carpenters, 
as  well  as  the  four  chariots  of  Zechariah's  vision  (1:  18-21 ;  6 :  1-8) 
refer  to  the  four  world  monarchies  of  Daniel.  It  is  only  in  the 
light  of  this  connection  that  the  prophecy  concerning  Javan,  or 
Greece,  that  Zech.  9  :  13,  etc.,  can  be  properly  understood."] 

[Third  vision] 

5  And  I  lifted  up  my  eyes,  and  I  saw  and  behold  a  man  :  and 
in  his  hand  a  measuring  line. 

6  And  I  said,  where  art  thou  going  :  and  he  said  unto  me  ;  to 
measure  Jerusalem  ;  to  see  how  great  is  her  breadth  and  how 
great  is  her  length. 

7  And  behold,  the  angel,  he  who  spake  with  me,  going  out : 
and  another  angel ;  coming  forth,  to  meet  him. 

8  And  he  said  unto  him.  Run,  speak  to  tJiis  young  man,  say- 
ing :  "  unwalled  towns,"  Jerusalem  shall  inhabit  ;  for  the  abun- 
dance of  men  and  cattle  m  her  midst. 

9  And  I,  /  will  be  to  her,  saith  Jehovah,  a  wall  of  fire  round 
about :  and  for  a  glory  /will  be  in  her  midst. 

10  Ho,  ho,  and  flee  ye,  from  the  land  of  the  North,  saith 
Jehovah  :  for  like  as  the  four  winds  of  heaven,  I  have  spread  you 
out,  saith  Jehovah. 

11  Ho,  Zion,  deliver  thyself  :  inhabitress  of  the  daughter  of 
Babylon.     [Rev.  18  :  21.] 

12  For  thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said:  after  glory  ;  He  hath 
sent  me  :  to  the  nations  which  are  spoiling  you  :  for  he  that  is 
touching  against  you,  is  touching  against  the  apple  of  His  eye. 

13  For  behold  me,  waving  my  hand  over  them  ,  and  they 
shall  be  a  spoil  to  their  servants :  and  ye  shall  know  that  Jeho- 
vah of  Hosts  hath  sent  me. 

14  Shout  and  be  glad,  O  daughter  of  Zion  ;  for,  behold  me 
having  come,  [second  advent]  and  /will  dwell  in  tJiy  midst,  saith 
Jehovah. 


ZECHARIAH.  93 

15  And  many  nations  shall  be  joined  unto  Jehovah,  in  that 
day ;  and  they  shall  be  to  Me  for  a  people  :  and  I  ^cill  dwell  in 
thy  midst ;  and  thou  shalt  know  ;  that  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath 
sent  me  unto  thee. 

16  And  Jehovah  shall  inherit  Judah  His  portion  ,  upon  the 
Holy  Land  .  and  He  shall  choose  again  in  Jerusalem. 

17  Be  silent,  all  flesh,  from  before  Jehovah :  for  He  has  been 
roused  up  from  His  holy  habitation. 

CHAPTER  III. 

[Fourth  vision.] 

1  And  he  showed  me  Joshua  the  high  priest ;  standing :  be- 
fore the  angel  Jehovah  :  and  the  Satan  standing  at  his  right  hand 
to  accuse  him. 

2  And  Jehovah  said  unto  the  Satan,  Jehovah  will  rebuke 
against  thee,  O  Satan,  yea  Jehovah  will  rebuke  against  thee  ;  He 
who  is  choosing  in  Jerusalem  :  is  not  this  one  a  brand,  delivered 
from  the  fire. 

3  And  Joshua  was  clothed  with  filthy  garments,  and  standing 
before  the  angel. 

4  And  he  answered  and  said  to  those  who  were  standing  be- 
fore him,  saying,  remove  ye  the  filthy  garments  from  off  him  : 
and  he  said  to  him,  see,  I  have  caused  to  pass  from  thee  thy  in- 
iquity ;  and  to  clothe  thee  with  costly  garments. 

5  And  I  said :  they  shall  put  a  clean  mitre  on  his  head,  and 
clothe  him  with  garments  ;  and  the  angel  Jehovah  standing  by. 

6  And  the  angel  Jehovah  testified  unto  Joshua  saying. 

7  Thus  hath  Jehovah  of  Hosts  said,  if  in  my  ways  thou  shalt 
walk  and  my  charge  thou  shalt  keep  ;  and  also  thou  shalt  judge 
my  house  and  keep  my  courts :  and  I  will  give  to  thee  walkers 
as  among  these  standing  here. 

8  Hear  now,  Joshua,  the  high  priest,  thou  and  thy  friends 
who  are  sitting  before  thee ;  for  they  are  men  of  wonder  :  for  be- 
hold me  bringing  out  my  servant  Tsemach  or  sprout. 

9  For  behold  the  stone,  which  I  have  put  before  Joshua ; 
upon  one  stone  seven  eyes :  behold  me  engraving  her  carving, 
saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts ;  and  I  will  move  away  the  iniquity  of 
that  land  in  one  da3^ 

10  In  that  day,  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  ;  ye  shall  invite  every 
man  his  friend  :  under  the  vine  and  under  the  fig  tree. 


94  ZErHARIAH. 

CHAPTER  IV. 

[Fifth  vision.] 

1  And  the  angel  who  spake  with  me  returned  ;  and  he  awak- 
ened me  :  like  a  man  who  has  been  aroused  from  his  sleep. 

2  And  he  said  unto  me ;  what  art  thou  seeing :  and  I  said,  I 
have  seen  and  behold  a  candlestick  of  gold,  the  whole  of  it  and 
its  oil  bowl  upon  its  head,  and  seven  lamps  upon  it;  seven 
and  seven  [14,  or  49  ?]  pipes  to  the  lamps  which  are  upon  its  head, 

3  And  two  oil  trees  by  it  :  one  from  the  right  of  the  oil  bowl ; 
and  another  upon  its  left. 

4  And  I  answered  and  I  said  ;  to  the  angel  who  spake  with  me, 
saying  :  what  are  these  sir. 

5  And  the  angel  who  spake  with  me  answered  and  said  to  me 
knowest  thou  not  what  these  are  :  and  I  said  no  sir. 

6  And  he  answered  and  said  unto  me,  saying  ;  this  is  the  word 
of  Jehovah ;  unto  Zerubbabel  saying :  not  by  might  and  not  by 
power  ;  but  by  my  spirit  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said. 

7  Who  art  thou,  O  great  mountain  [a  mountain  is  a  symbol  of 
a  great  world  government]  before  Zerubbabel,  for  a  plain:  and  he 
shall  bring  out  the  headstone  with  shoutings  :  grace,  grace  to  it. 

[New  paragraph]. 

8  And  the  word  of  Jehovah  came  unto  me,  saying. 

9  The  hands  of  Zerubbabel  have  laid  the  foundation  of  this 
house  and  his  hands  shall  finish  it :  and  thou  shalt  know  that 
Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  sent  me  unto  you. 

10  For  who  hath  despised  the  day  of  small  things  :  seeing 
that  they  shall  be  glad  and  shall  see  the  plummet  in  the  hand  of 
Zerubbabel,  these  seven  :  the  eyes  of  Jehovah  ;  they  are  running 
to  and  fro  in  all  the  earth. 

11  And  I  answered  and  I  said  unto  him  what  are  these  two 
oil  trees;  upon  the  right  of  the  candlestick,  and  upon  her  left. 

12  And  I  answered  the  second  time :  and  I  said  unto  him  : 
what  are  the  two  branches  of  the  oil  trees,  which  by  the  hand 
of  the  two  golden  pipes ;  are  pouring  out  the  golden  [oil]  from 
themselves. 

13  And  he  said  unto  me,  saying  ;  knowest  thou  not  what 
these  are  ?  and  I  said,  no  sir. 

14  And  he  said  ;  these  are  the  two  sons  of  oil  :  who  are  stand- 
ing by  the  Lord  of  all  the  earth. 


ZECHARIAH.  95 

CHAPTER   V. 

[Sixth  vision.  This  shows  the  judgment  of  the  wicked  in 
Israel,  or  all  the  earth,  in  the  "  last  days."] 

1  And  I  returned  ;  and  I  lifted  up  my  eyes,  and  I  saw  :  and 
behold  a  flying  roll. 

2  And  he  said  unto  me  what  art  thou  seeing  :  and  I  said,  I 
am  seeing  a  flying  roll ;  its  length  twenty  by  the  cubit ;  and  its 
breadth  ten  by  the  cubit.  [The  dimensions  are  those  of  the 
temple  porch.] 

3  And  he  said  unto  me ;  this  is  the  curse;  [or  oath,  or  execra- 
tion, or  vengeance]  which  goeth  out  over  the  face  of  all  the  land 
[or  earth  ?]:  for  every  one  who  is  stealing  [up  to  the  present 
time,  actually]  declares  [himself]  guiltless  ;  and  every  one  who  is 
swearing  [up  to  the  present  time,  actually]  declares  himself 
guiltless.  [Stealing  disobeys  the  second  table  of  the  decalogue, 
and  swearing,  the  first. 

4  I  have  brought  it  forth  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts ;  and  it 
shall  come  into  the  house  of  the  thief  ;  and  into  the  house  of  the 
swearer  in  my  name,  to  the  liar  [the  Anti-Christ  then  to  be]:  and 
it  shall  lodge  in  the  midst  of  his  house  ;  and  it  shall  consume  its 
woods  and  its  stones. 

[Seventh  vision.] 

5  And  the  angel  who  spake  with  me  went  out  :  and  he  said 
unto  me,  lift  up  now  thine  eyes,  and  see  thou  ;  what  is  this  that 
is  going  forth. 

6  And  I  said,  what  is  it  :  and  he  said,  this  is  the  ephah  which 
is  going  forth  ;  and  he  said  :  this  is  the  aspect  [or  iniquity  ?]  in 
all  the  land. 

7  And  behold  a  round  weight  of  lead  was  lifted  up  :  and  this, 
a  certain  woman  ;  dwelling  in.the  midst  of  the  ephah. 

8  And  he  said,  this  [meaning  another]  is  that  wicked  woman  ; 
and  he  cast  her  into  the  midst  of  the  ephah  ;  and  he  cast  the 
weight  of  lead  upon  its  mouth. 

9  And  I  lifted  up  my  eyes  and  I  saw,  and  behold  two  women 
going  out,  and  the  wind  in  their  wings ;  and  to  them  wings 
like  the  wings  of  the  stork :  and  they  lifted  up  the  ephah  ; 
between  the  earth  and  between  the  heaven. 

10  And  I  said  unto  the  angel  who  spake  with  me  :  where  are 
they  going  with  the  ephah  ? 


96  ZECHARIAH. 

11  And  he  said  unto  mc  ;  to  build  it  a  liouse  in  the  land  of 
Shinar  :  and  it  shall  be  prepared,  and  it  shall  be  set  there  on  its 
base. 

[This  seventh  vision  shows,  perhaps,  the  Jowish  people  sup- 
porting "the  Beast,"  or  Anti-Christ,  like  the  Christian  church 
in  Rev.  17:3,  4,  5.  Its  Babylonish  character  is  fully  evidenced 
by  its  position  in  Shinar.] 

CHAPTER  VI. 

[Eighth  vision.] 

1  And  I  turned,  and  I  lifted  up  my  eyes  and  I  saw  ;  and  be- 
hold four  chariots  [see  note  on  3 :  4]  going  out;  from  between 
the  two  mountains  ;  and  the  mountains  were  mountains  of  brass. 

2  In  the  first  chariot  were  red  horses :  and  in  the  second 
chariot  black  horses. 

3  And  in  the  third  chariot  white  horses  :  and  in  the  fourth, 
chariot  grisled  and  strong  horses. 

4  And  I  answered  and  said  unto  the  angel  who  talked  with 
me,  what  are  these,  my  lord? 

5  And  the  angel  answered  and  said  unto  me  :  these  are  the 
four  spirits  of  the  heavens  ;  they  are  going  forth  ;  from  stand- 
ing before  the  Lord  of  all  the  earth, 

6  As  in  it,  the  black  horses  are  going  out  to  the  land  of  the 
North  ;  and  the  white,  have  gone  out  behiad  them  :  and  the 
grisled  have  gone  out  to  the  land  of  the  South. 

7  And  the  strong  ones  have  gone  out,  and  they  have  sought 
to  go  to  walk  about  in  the  earth  ;  and  he  said  go,  walk  about  in 
the  earth  :  and  they  walked  about  in  the  earth. 

8  And  he  cried  with  me  ;  and  he  spake  unto  me,  saying  :  See 
thou,  those  that  are  going  to  the  land  of  the  North  ;  they  have 
quieted  my  spirit  in  the  land  of  the  North. 

[Ninth  vision.] 

9  And  the  word  of  Jehovah  came  to  me  saying. 

10  Take  from  the  captivity  ;  from  Heldai ;  from  Tobiyahoo 
and  from  Yedayah  :  and  thou  shalt  come,  thou,  in  that  day  ; 
and  thou  shalt  go  to  the  house  of  Josiah,  son  of  Zephaniah ; 
when  they  have  come  from  Babylon. 

11  And  thou  shalt  take  silver  and  gold,  and  thou  shalt  make 
crowns :  and  thou  shalt  put  [them]  upon  the  head  of  Joshua, 
son  of  Yehotzadak  the  Great  Priest. 


ZECHARIAH.  97 

12  And  thou  shalt  say  to  him  saying  ;  thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts 
hath  said,  saying  :  behold  a  Man  Tsemach  is  His  name,  and  from 
underneath  Him  He  shall  grow  up  ;  He  shall  build  the  Temple 
of  Jehovah. 

13  And  He  shall  build  the  Temple  of  Jehovah,  and  He  shall 
bear  the  honor  ;  and  He  shall  sit  and  shall  rule  upon  His  throne  : 
and  He  shall  be  a  Priest  upon  His  throne  ;  and  the  counsel  of 
peace  shall  be  between  them  both. 

14  And  the  crowns  shall  be,  for  Helem  and  for  Tobiyah  and 
for  Yedayah  ;  and  for  a  favor  of  the  son  of  Tzephanyah  for  a 
memorial  in  the  Temple  of  Jehovah. 

1.5  And  far  off  ones  shall  come,  and  they  shall  build  in  the 
Temple  of  Jehovah  and  j^e  shall  know  that  Jehovah  of  Hosts 
hath  sent  me  unto  you  :  and  it  shall  come  to  pass  if  hearing,  ye 
shall  hearken  unto  the  voice  of  Jehovah  your  God. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  fourth  of  Darius  the  King: 
the  word  of  Jehovah  came  unto  Zechariah  in  the  fourth  of  the 
month,  the  ninth  of  Chislaw. 

2  And  he  sent  to  the  house  of  God  Sharezer  and  Regem- 
Melech  and  his  men  :  to  entreat  the  face  of  Jehovah. 

3  To  say  unto  the  priests  which  were  of  the  house  of  Jehovah 
of  Hosts ;  and  unto  the  prophets,  saying  :  shall  I  weep  in  the 
fifth  month  ;  separating  myself  ;  according  as  I  have  done  ;  this 
so  many  years? 

4  And  the  word  of  Jehovah  of  Hosts  came  to  me,  saying, 

5  Say  thou  unto  all  the  people  of  the  land  :  and  to  the  priests 
saying  :  When  ye  fasted  and  mourned  in  the  fifth  and  in  the 
seventh,  and  this  seventy  years  ;  was  it  to  me  ye  fasted? 

6  And  when  ye  used  to  eat  and  when  ye  used  to  drink  was  it 
not  ye  were  eating  and  ye  were  drinking? 

7  Was  it  not  [because  of]  the  words  which  Jehovah  preached 
by  the  hand  of  the  first  prophets;  on  Jerusalem's  being  in- 
habited and  prosperous  ;  and  her  cities  round  about  her  :  and 
the  South  and  the  plain  inhabited. 

8  And  the  word  of  Jehovah  came  to  Zechariah,  saying, 

9  Thus  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  saying  :  judgment  of  truth 
judge  ye  ;  and  kindness  and  services  do  ye  every  man  with  his 
brother. 

7 


98  ZECIIARIAII. 

10  And  thn  Avidow  uiid  t!i"  orphan,  tho  stran^rer  and  tho 
afflicted  yo  sliall  not  oppress  •  and  the  evil  of  his  brother  man  ye 
shall  not  meditate  in  your  heart 

11  But  they  refused  to  hearken:  and  they  offered  the  re- 
bellious shoulder  :  and  tin'ir  ears  they  made  heavy  that  they 
might  not  hear. 

12  And  their  heart  they  placed  an  adamant  from  hearing, 
from  hearing  the  law  and  the  words  which  Jehovah  of  Hosts 
had  sent  by  His  Spirit  by  the  hand  of  the  first  prophets  :  and  it 
came  to  pass  a  great  anger  from  Jehovah  of  Hosts. 

13  And  it  came  to  pass  according  as  He  cried  and  they  would 
not  hear  :  so  they  shall  cry  and  /will  not  hear,  Jehovah  of  Hosts 
hath  said. 

14  But  I  will  scatter  them  with  a  whirlwind  over  all  the  na- 
tions whom  they  have  not  known  ;  and  the  land  shall  be  desolate 
after  them  ;  from  passing  over  and  returning  :  and  they  shall 
place  the  land  of  desire  for  a  desolation. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

1  And  the  word  of  Jehovah  of  Hosts  came,  saying, 

2  Thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  ;  I  have  been  jealous  for 
Zion  with  great  jealousy  :  and  a  great  heat  I  have  been  jealous 
for  her. 

3  Thus  Jehovah  hath  said  ;  I  have  returned  [second  coming] 
unto  Zion  ;  and  I  will  dwell  in  the  midst  of  Jerusalem  :  and 
Jerusalem  shall  be  called  the  city  of  truth  ;  and  the  mountain  of 
Jehovah  of  Hosts  the  hoi}'  mountain. 

4  Thus  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  ;  old  men  and  old  women 
shall  again  sit,  in  the  streets  of  Jerusalem  :  and  every  man  his 
staff  in  his  hand  from  multitude  of  days. 

5  And  the  street-s  of  the  city  shall  be  filled  ;  with  boys  and 
girls  :  playing  in  her  streets. 

6  Thus  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  :  if  it  shall  be  wonderful  in 
the  eyes  of  the  remnant  of  this  people  ;  in  those  days  :  also  in 
my  eyes  shall  it  be  wonderful  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts. 

7  Thus  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  ;  behold  me  saving  my  people 
from  the  land  of  the  East :  and  from  the  land  whence  comes 
the  sun. 


ZECHARIAH.  99 

8  And  I  will  bring  them  ;  and  they  shall  dwell  in  the  midst 
of  Jerusalem  :  and  they  shall  be  to  me  for  a  people  ;  and  I,  I  will 
be  to  them  for  God  ;  in  truth  and  in  righteousness. 

9  Thus  hath  said  Jehovah  of  Hosts  ;  make  your  hands  strong  ; 
ye  that  are  hearing  in  these  days  these  things  ;  these  words 
from  the  mouth  of  the  prophets  :  which  in  the  day  it  has  been 
founded  the  house  of  Jehovah  of  Hosts,  the  temple  to  be  built 

10  For  before  those  days  ;  the  hire  of  man  was  not ;  and  the 
hire  of  beast  was  not :  and  to  the  goer  out  and  to  the  comer  in 
there  shall  be  no  peace  from  the  stranger  [or  Anti-Christ]  for  I  set 
every  man  against  his  neighbor. 

11  But  now,  not  like  the  first  daj's  will  I  be  ;  to  the  remnant 
of  this  people  ;  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts. 

12  For  the  seed  shall  have  the  peace,  the  vine  shall  give  her 
fruit,  and  the  land  shall  give  her  increase  ;  and  the  heavens  shall 
give  their  dew  :  and  I  will  cause  the  remnant  of  this  people  to 
inherit  all  these. 

13  And  it  shall  be,  according  as  ye  were  a  curse  among  the 
nations  O  house  of  Judah  and  house  of  Israel  ;  so  I  will  save  you; 
and  ye  shall  be  a  blessing :  Do  not  fear,  let  your  hands  be 
strong. 

14  For  thus  hath  said  Jehovah  of  Hosts ;  according  as  I 
thought  to  do  evil  to  you,  when  your  fathers  were  angry  with  me; 
saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts  :  and  I  repented  not. 

15  So,  again,  I  have  thought  in  these  days  ;  to  do  good  with 
Jerusalem  and  with  the  house  of  Judah  :  fear  not. 

16  These  are  the  words  that  ye  shall  do  :  speak  ye  truth  every 
man  with  his  neighbor  ;  truth  and  judgment  of  peace  ;  judge  ye 
in  3-our  gates. 

17  And  a  man,  the  evil  of  his  neighbor  ye  shall  not  think  in 
your  heart ;  and  the  oath  of  falsehood  ye  shall  not  love :  for  all 
this  is  what  I  have  hated  saith  Jehovah. 

18  And  the  word  of  Jehovah  of  Hosts  came  unto  me  saying. 

19  Thus  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said,  the  part  of  the  fourth 
and  the  part  of  the  fifth  and  the  part  of  the  seventh  and  the  part 
of  the  tenth  shall  be  to  the  house  of  Judah  for  a  joy  and  for 
gladness  ;  and  for  good  feasts ;  and  the  truth  and  the  peace 
love  ye. 

20  Thus  hath  said  Jehovah  of  Hosts  :  again,  when  people 
shall  come ;  and  the  inhabitants  of  many  cities. 


100  ZECIIARIAII. 

21  And  they  will  go,  tlu'  inhabitants  of  one  unto  another  say- 
ing, we  will  go,  going,  to  entreat  the  face  of  Jehovah  :  and  to 
seek  Jehovah  of  Hosts  :  I  will  go,  also. 

23  And  many  people  shall  come,  and  numerous  nations  to 
seek  Jehovah  of  Hosts  in  Jerusalem  :  and  to  entreat  the  face 
of  Jehovah. 

23  Thus  hath  said  Jehovah  of  Hosts  :  in  those  days  when  ten 
men  shall  lay  hold,  from  all  the  languages  of  the  nations  :  and 
they  shall  take  hold  by  the  skirt  of  a  Jewish  man,  saying,  we 
will  go  with  you  ;  for  we  have  heard  God  is  with  you. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

[The  closing  six  chapters  give  us  two  oracles,  or  dooms.  The 
first  embraces  three  chapters,  and  the  second  the  last  three.  Both 
dooms  treat  of  a  war  between  the  heathen  world  and  Israel.] 

1  Doom  of  the  word  of  Jehovah  against  the  land  of  Hadrach  ; 
and  Damascus  shall  be  its  resting  place :  for  to  Jehovah  is  the 
eye  of  man  and  all  the  tribes  of  Israel. 

[Radrach  is  probably  the  name  of  a  future  kingdom,  and  Da- 
mascus will  be  its  chief  city.  The  Babylonian  conquest  of  Tyre 
had  already  taken  place  when  Zechariah  wrote.  The  prophecy 
does  not  refer  to  the  time  of  Alexander,  but  to  the  time  of  the  end.] 

2  And  also  Hamath  shall  border  by  it.  Tyre  and  Zidon  though 
she  be  wise  exceedingly. 

3  And  Tyre  has  built  a  fortress  for  herself ;  and  she  has 
heaped  up  silver  like  the  dust  ;  and  fine  gold  as  the  mire  of  the 
streets. 

4  Behold  the  Lord  will  dispossess  her ;  and  He  will  smite  her 
power  in  the  sea :  and  she  shall  be  consumed  in  the  fire. 

5  Ashkelon  shall  see  and  shall  fear,  and  Gaza,  and  she  shall 
writhe  exceedingly  ;  and  Ekron  for  her  hope  has  been  put  to 
shame :  and  the  king  shall  perish  from  Gaza ;  and  Ashkelon 
shall  not  dwell. 

6  And  a  bastard  shall  dwell  in  Ashdod :  and  I  will  cut  off  the 
pride  of  the  Philistines. 

[Not  yet  fulfilled.] 

7  And  I  will  take  away  his  blood  from  his  mouth  ,  and  his 
abominations  from  between  his  teeth  ;  and  he  shall  remain  to 
our  God  and  bear  a  prince  in  Judah  ;  and  Ekron  like  the  Jebusite. 


ZECHARIAH.  101 

8  And  I  will  encamp  [at  His  second  coming]  for  my  house 
against  an  army,  from  passing  over  and  returning ;  and  an  op- 
pressor shall  not  pass  over  against  them  again  ;  for  now  I  have 
seen  with  my  eyes. 

9  Rejoice  exceedingly'  O  daughter  of  Zion,  shout  ye  O 
daughter  of  Jerusalem,  behold  thy  king  shall  come  to  thee ; 
righteous  and  victorious  is  He  ;  poor  and  riding  upon  an  ass  ;  and 
upon  a  colt  the  son  of  an  ass.  [This  was  fulfilled  at  His  first 
coming.  See  Matt.  21  : 4-7  The  next  verse,  10,  relates  to  this 
second  coming.] 

10  And  I  will  cut  off  the  rider  from  Ephraim  and  the  horse 
from  Jerusalem  ;  and  the  bow  of  war  shall  be  cut  off  ;  and  He 
shall  speak,  to  the  nations  :  and  His  rule  shall  be  from  sea  to  sea  : 
and  from  the  river  to  the  ends  of  the  earth. 

11  Also  thou  by  the  blood  of  thy  covenant,  I  have  sent  thy 
prisoners  from  the  pit ;  there  is  no  water  in  it. 

12  Turn  ye  to  the  stronghold  ;  ye  prisoners  of  the  hope  :  even 
to-day,  I  am  declaring  a  second  time  I  will  return  to  thee  [second 
coming]. 

13  When  I  have  bent  Judah  for  me,  the  bow  of  Ephraim  I 
have  filled  ;  and  I  have  raised  up  th}^  sons  of  Zion  ;  against  thy 
sons  O  Greece  :  then  I  will  place  thee  as  the  sword  of  a  mighty 
man. 

[Second  coming.] 

14  And  Jehovah  shall  le  seen  over  them  ;  and  His  arrow  shall 
go  forth  like  the  lightning :  and  the  Lord  Jehovah  shall  blow 
with  the  trumpet ;  and  He  shall  go  forward  with  the  trumpet  of 
the  South. 

15  Jehovah  of  Hosts  shall  be  a  shield  over  them  ;  and  they 
shall  devour,  and  shall  subdue  the  sling  stones ;  and  they  shall 
drink,  they  shall  make  a  humming  noise  like  wine  ;  and  they 
shall  fill  up  like  the  bowls  ;  like  the  corners  of  the  altar. 

16  And  Jehovah  their  God  shall  save  them,  in  that  day  [of 
His  second  coming]  like  the  sheep  of  His  people  :  for  the  stones  of 
a  crown  ;  lifted  up  over  His  land. 

17  For  how  great  is  His  goodness,  and  how  great  is  His  beauty; 
corn  shall  make  the  young  men  to  flourish ;  and  new  wine  the 
virgins. 


102  ZECHARIAH. 

CHAPTER   X. 

1  Ask  ye  from  Jehovah  rain  in  the  time  of  the  latter  rain ; 
Jehovah  is  making  lightnings  ;  and  He  will  give  showers  of  rain 
to  them  ;  to  each  herb  in  the  field. 

2  For  the  teraphim  have  spoken  vanity,  and  the  diviners  have 
seen  a  lie  ;  and  they  will  speak  vain  dreams  ;  thej'  shall  comfort 
in  vain  :  therefore  like  sheep  they  have  journeyed  ;  they  shall  be 
afflicted  because  there  is  no  shepherd. 

3  Against  the  shepherds  my  anger  has  kindled  ;  and  upon  the 
he  goats  I  will  punish  :  for  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  visited  His 
flock,  the  house  of  Judah  ;  He  shall  place  them  ;  like  the  horse 
of  His  majesty  in  the  battle. 

4  From  him  is  the  corner  stone,  from  him  the  nail ;  from 
him  the  bow  of  war  :  from  him  ever}'  exactor  shall  go  out  to- 
gether. 

5  And  they  shall  be  like  mighty  men,  trampling  in  the  dirt 
of  the  streets  in  the  war ;  and  they  shall  be  fighting  ;  for 
Jehovah  is  with  them  :  and  the  riders  of  horses  shall  be  con- 
founded. 

6  And  I  will  strengthen  the  house  of  Judah,  and  the  house  of 
Joseph  I  will  save;  and  I  will  cause  them  to  dwell,  for  I  have 
loved  them  intimately ;  and  they  shall  be  as  though  I  had  not 
cast  them  off  :  for  I  am  Jehovah  their  God,  and  I  icill  hear 
them. 

7  And  they  of  Ephraim  shall  be  like  a  mighty  man  and  their 
heart  shall  be  glad  as  from  wine  :  and  their  children  shall  see  and 
be  glad  ;  their  heart  shall  rejoice  in  Jehovah. 

8  I  will  hiss  for  them,  and  I  will  gather  them,  for  I  have  re- 
deemed them  [at  the  time  of  the  second  advent]  :  and  they  shall 
increase  as  they  have  increased. 

9  And  I  will  sow  them  among  the  peoples ;  and  in  far  off 
places  they  shall  remember  me :  and  they  shall  live  with  their 
children  and  shall  return. 

10  And  I  will  bring  them  again  from  the  land  of  Egypt ;  and 
from  Assyria  I  will  gather  them  ;  and  to  the  land  of  Gilead  and 
Lebanon  I  will  bring  them  ;  and  there  shall  not  be  found  for 
them. 

11  And  he  shall  pass  in  the  sea  with  affliction:  and  he 
shall  smite  in  the  sea  [its]  waves  ;  and  all  the  depths  of  the  river 


ZECHARIAH.  103 

[Nile]    shall   dry  up  :  and  shall  be  brought  down  the  pride  of 
Assyria  ;  and  the  scepter  of  Egypt  shall  depart. 

12  And  I  will  strengthen  them  in  Jehovah,  and  in  His  name 
they  shall  walk  about :  saith  Jehovah. 

CHAPTER  XI. 

[The  nations  are  gathered  vs.  Jehovah  and  his  people.] 

1  Open  thy  doors  O  Lebanon  :  and  a  fire  shall  consume  among 
thy  cedars. 

2  Howl,  O  fir  tree,  for  the  cedar  has  fallen  ;  as  the  mighty 
ones  have  been  spoiled  :  Howl,  ye  oaks  of  Bashan  ;  for  the  forest 
of  the  defensed  has  come  down. 

3  A  voice  of  the  cry  of  the  shepherds;  for  their  glory  has 
been  spoiled  :  a  noise  of  the  roaring  of  3'oung  lions  ;  for  the  pride 
of  the  Jordan  has  been  spoiled. 

4  Thus  hath  said,  Jehovah  my  God  :  feed  the  flock  of  the 
slaughter. 

5  "Whom  their  buj'ers  shall  slay  and  they  shall  not  be  guilty  ; 
and  their  sellers  shall  say  ;  blessed  is  Jehovah  seeing  that  I  am 
rich  :    and  their  sliepherds  shall  have  no  pity  upon  them. 

6  For  I  will  not  have  pity  again  upon  the  inhabitants  of  the 
land,  saith  Jehovah  :  but  behold  I  am  causing  the  man  to  come 
[the  man  of  sin]  a  man,  by  means  of  his  friend  and  by  means  of 
his  king ;  and  they  shall  break  the  land  [or  earth]  in  pieces  ; 
and  I  will  not  deliver  from  their  hand. 

7  And  I  fed  the  flock  of  the  slaughter  ;  for  account  of  the 
poor  ones  of  the  flock  :  and  I  took  to  me  two  staves,  to  the  one  1 
called  "beaut}%"  and  to  the  other  I  called  "bands  "  ;  and  I  fed 
the  flock. 

8  And  I  destroyed  three  of  the  shepherds  in  one  month  :  for 
my  soul  was  weaned  against  them  ;  and  their  soul  also  abhorred 
me.      [In  Daniel  7  :  8?] 

9  And  I  said  ;  I  will  not  feed  you  .  that  which  is  dying  may 
die,  and  that  which  is  cut  off  may  be  cut  off  ;  and  those  which 
are  left  shall  eat ;  each  the  flesh  of  another. 

10  And  I  took  my  staff,  "beauty  "  and  I  cut  it :  to  break  my 
covenant  which  I  had  ratified  with  all  the  peoples. 

11  And  it  was  broken  in  that  day  :  and  so  the  poor  of  the 
flock  that  were  waiting  on  me  knew  :  that  tlie  word  of  Jehovah  it 
was. 


104  ZECIIARIAH. 

12  And  I  said  unto  them,  if  it  is  ;,'ood  in  your  eyes  give  ye 
my  wages,  and  if  not  forbear :  and  tiiey  weighed  my  wages 
thirty  of  silver. 

13  And  Jehovah  said  unto  me.  Cast  it  unto  the  potter  ;  the 
goodly  price  ;  which  I  was  prised  at  by  them  ;  and  I  took  the 
thirty  of  silver ;  and  I  cast  it  in  the  house  of  Jehovah,  unto  the 
potter. 

14  And  I  cut  my  second  staff,  the  "bands"  ;  to  break  the 
brotherhood  between  Judah  and  Israel. 

15  And  Jehovah  said  to  me  ;  Take  again  to  thee  the  vessel  of 
a  foolish  shepherd. 

16  For  behold  I  am  raising  a  shepherd  in  tlie  land  [or  earth] 
[the  Anti-Christ  of  verse  6]  which  shall  not  visit  those  that  are 
cut  off,  the  young  man  he  shall  not  seek ;  and  that  which  is 
broken  he  shall  not  heal :  that  which  standeth  still  he  shall  not 
nourish,  but  the  flesh  of  the  fat  one  he  shall  eat,  and  tear  their 
claws  in  pieces. 

17  Woe  to  the  idol  shepherd,  the  forsaker  of  the  flock  ;  the 
sword  [shall  be]  upon  his  arm  and  upon  his  right  eye  :  his  arm 
shall  be  certainly  dried  up  ;  and  his  right  eye  utterly  darkened. 

[The  last  dooms  embrace  the  three  last  chapters  and  the  be- 
ginning of  chapter  12.] 

CHAPTER  XII. 

1  The  burden  or  doom  of  the  word  of  Jehovah  concerning 
Israel ;  saith  Jehovah,  inclining  the  heavens  and  founding  the 
earth ;  and  forming  the  spirit  of  man  in  his  midst. 

2  Behold  I  am  placing  Jerusalem  a  reeling  basin  for  all  the 
peoples  round  about :  and  it  shall  be  also  against  Judah  in  the 
siege  against  Jerusalem. 

3  And  it  shall  be  in  that  day  [seven  times  this  time  formula, 
occurs  in  this  chapter]  I  will  place  Jerusalem  a  stone  of  burden 
to  all  the  peoples  [meaning  nations] ;  all  her  burdeners  shall  be 
cut  in  pieces  :  and  they  shall  be  gathered  against  it,  all  the  na- 
tions of  the  earth. 

4  In  that  day,  saith  Jehovah  I  will  smite  every  horse  with 
fear  ;  and  his  rider  with  madness  :  and  upon  the  house  of  Judah 
I  will  open  my  eyes ;  and  every  horse  of  the  peoples  I  will  smite 
with  blindness. 


ZECHARIAH.  105 

5  And  the  princes  of  Judah  shall  say  in  their  heart :  I  will 
make  strong  for  myself  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  in  Jehovah 
of  Hosts  their  God. 

6  In  that  day  I  will  place  the  princes  of  Judah  as  a  basin  of 
fire  by  wood,  and  like  a  torch  of  fire  by  a  sheaf ;  and  they  shall  con- 
sume all  the  peoples  round  about  upon  the  right  hand  and  upon  the 
left:  and  Jerusalem  sliall  dwell  again  in  her  place  at  Jerusalem. 

7  And  Jehovah  shall  save  the  tents  of  Judah  in  the  begin- 
ning :  that  the  glory  of  the  house  of  David,  and  the  glory  of  the 
inhabitant  of  Jerusalem  be  not  magnified  against  Judah. 

8  In  that  day,  Jehovah  shall  protect  the  inhabitant  of  Jerusa- 
lem ;  and  it  shall  be,  he  that  stumbleth  among  them  in  that  day, 
as  David  :  and  the  house  of  David  as  God  ;  as  the  angel  Jehovah 
before  them  [not  angel  of  Jehovah]. 

9  And  it  shall  be  in  that  day  :  I  will  seek  to  destroy  all  the 
nations  that  are  coming  against  Jerusalem. 

10  And  I  will  pour  out  upon  the  house  of  David,  and  upon 
the  inhabitant  of  Jerusalem  a  spirit  of  grace  and  supplication  ; 
and  they  shall  look  unto  me  whom  they  have  pierced  [John  19  :  37]  : 
and  they  shall  mourn  on  his  account,  like  the  mourning  over  the 
only  son ;  and  to  be  bitter  on  his  account,  as  to  be  bitter  over  the 
first  born, 

11  In  that  day,  the  mourning  shall  be  great  in  Jerusalem ; 
like  the  mourning  of  Hadadrimmon  in  the  valley  of  Megiddon. 

12  And  the  land  shall  mourn  ;  each  family  apart :  the  family 
of  the  house  of  David  apart  and  their  wives  apart ;  the  family  of 
the  house  of  Nathan  apart  and  their  wives  apart. 

13  The  family  of  the  house  of  Levi  apart ;  and  their  wives 
apart  :  the  family  of  Shimei  apart  ;  and  their  wives  apart. 

14  All  the  families  that  remain  ;  every  family  apart  ;  and 
their  wives  apart. 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

1  In  that  day  [three  times  this  formula  occurs],  there  shall  be 
a  fountain  opened  ;  for  the  house  of  David  and  for  the  inhabitant 
of  Jerusalem  :  for  sin  and  for  uncleanness. 

2  And  it  shall  be,  in  that  day,  saith  Jehovah  of  Hosts,  I  will 
cut  off  the  names  of  the  idols  from  the  land  ;  and  they  shall  not 
be  remembered  again  :  and  also  the  prophets  and  the  spirit  of 
uncleanness  I  will  cause  to  pass  out  of  the  land. 


106  ZECIIARIAH. 

3  And  it  shall  bo,  when  a  man  shall  bo  prophesying  still ; 
then  his  father  and  his  mother,  his  bogottors,  sliall  say  unto  him 
thou  shalt  not  live;  for  thou  hast  spoken  a  lie  in  the  name  of 
Jehovah  :  and  his  father  and  his  mother,  his  begetters,  shall 
pierce  him  through  when  he  prophesieth. 

4  And  it  shall  be  on  that  day,  the  prophets  shall  be  ashamed, 
every  one  because  of  his  vision  when  he  is  prophesjing  :  and 
they  will  not  put  on  a  hairy  garment  to  lie. 

5  And  he  will  say  ;  I  am  no  prophet :  I  am  a  man  cultivating 
the  ground,  for  a  man  bought  me  from  my  youth. 

6  And  one  shall  say  unto  him  ;  what  are  these  wounds  be- 
tween thy  hands :  and  he  shall  say  ;  these  with  which  I  have 
been  smitten  in  the  house  of  my  lovers. 

7  Awake  O  sword  [God's  sword  against  His  Equal]  against 
mj'  shepherd  and  against  the  man,  my  companion,  saith  Jehovah 
of  Hosts  :  smite  the  shepherd  [Matt.  2G  :  31]  and  the  sheep  shall 
be  scattered  and  I  will  turn  my  hand  upon  the  little  ones. 

8  And  it  shall  be,  in  all  the  land  [or  earth]  saith  Jehovah  two 
parts  shall  be  in  it ;  they  shall  be  cut  off,  the}'  shall  die  :  and  the 
third  part  shall  remain  in  it. 

9  And  I  will  bring  the  third  part  into  the  fire  ,  and  I  will  re- 
fine them  like  refining  the  silver  ;  and  I  will  prove  them  as  to 
prove  the  gold  :  he  shall  call  by  my  name  and  I  will  answer  him  ; 
I  will  say  he  is  my  people  ;  and  he  shall  say  Jehovah  is  my  God. 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

1  Behold  a  day  is  coming  to  Jehovah  :  and  thy  spoil  shall  be 
divided  in  th}'  midst. 

2  And  I  will  gather  all  the  nations  against  Jerusalem  to  the 
'battle:  and  the  city  shall  be  taken,  and  the  houses  shall  be 
plundered  and  the  women  shall  be  ravished  :  and  half  of  the 
city  shall  go  out  in  the  captivity  ;  and  the  remainder  of  the  peo- 
ple shall  not  be  cut  off  from  the  city. 

[Who  is  to  be  leader  of  "  all  nations  "  ?  See  Joel  3:2;  Isa. 
29:6;  21  :  17  ;  Zech.  12:9.] 

3  And  Jehovah  shall  go  forth ;  and  He  shall  be  fighting 
against  those  nations  :  like  the  day  of  His  fighting,  in  the  day  of 
battle. 

4  And  His  feet  shall  stsundi  in  that  day  [eight  times  this  formula 
occurs]  upon  the  Mount  of  Olives,  which  is  before  Jerusalem 


ZECHARIAH.  107 

from  the  East ;  and  the  Mount  of  Olives  shall  be  cleft  from  its 
middle  eastward  and  westward  ,  an  exceeding  great  valley  :  and 
half  of  the  mountain  shall  remove  northward  and  its  [other] 
half  southward. 

5  And  ye  shall  flee  to  the  valley  of  my  mountains,  for  the 
valley  of  the  mountains  shall  touch  unto  Azal  ;  and  ye  shall  flee, 
according  as  ye  fled  from  before  the  earthquake  ;  in  the  days  of 
Uzziah  the  king  of  Judah  :  and  Jehovah  my  God  sliall  come, ;  all 
the  saints  with  thee. 

6  And  it  shall  be  in  that  clay :  there  shall  be  no  light ;  the 
precious  ones  shall  congeal. 

7  But  it  shall  be  a  certain  day;  it  shall  be  known  to  Jehovah,  not 
da}'  nor  night:  and  it  shall  come  to  pass  at  eventime  it  shall  be  light. 

8  And  it  shall  be,  in  that  clay,  living  waters  shall  go  out  from 
Jerusalem  ;  their  half  to  the  former  sea  ;  and  their  half  to  the 
hinder  sea  :  in  summer  and  in  winter  it  shall  be. 

9  And  Jehovah  shall  he  for  a  King  over  all  the  earth  :  m  that 
day,  Jehovah  shall  be  one  and  His  name  one. 

10  All  the  land  shall  be  turned  like  the  plain  from  Geba  to 
Rimmon  ;  south  of  Jerusalem  :  and  it  shall  be  high  and  shall 
dwell  in  her  place,  from  the  gate  of  Benjamin,  unto  the  place  of 
the  first  gate,  unto  the  gate  of  the  corners ;  and  the  tower  of 
Hananeel  unto  the  vats  of  the  king. 

11  And  they  shall  dwell  in  it ;  and  there  shall  be  no  more  a 
curse  :  and  Jerusalem  shall  dwell  safely. 

12  And  this  shall  be  the  plague  wherewith  Jehovah  will 
smite  all  the  peoples  [nations]  which  have  warred  against  Jeru- 
salem :  his  flesh  to  consume  away,  and  he  standing  upon  his 
feet ;  and  his  eyes  shall  consume  away  in  their  holes  ;  and  his 
tongue  shall  consume  away  in  their  mouth. 

13  And  it  shall  be,  in  that  day,  a  great  confusion  of  Jehovah 
among  them  :  and  they  shall  lay  hold,  a  man  the  hand  of  his 
neighbor ;  and  his  hand  shall  ascend  against  the  hand  of  his 
neighbor. 

14  And  Judah  also  shall  be  fighting  against  Jerusalem  :  and 
the  wealth  of  all  the  heathen  round  about  shall  be  gathered,  gold 
and  silver  and  garments  for  a  great  abundance. 

15  And  so  shall  be  the  plague  of  the  horse,  the  mule,  the  camel 
and  the  ass ;  and  every  beast  which  shall  be  in  those  camps ; 
like  this  plague. 


108  ZECHARIAH. 

16  And  it  shall  be,  every  one  that  is  left  from  all  the  nations 
which  came  against  Jerusalem  :  and  they  shall  go  up  from  year 
to  year  to  worship  the  King  Jehovah  of  Hosts  ;  and  to  keep  the 
feast  of  tabernacles. 

17  And  it  shall  be  whosoever  will  not  go  up  from  the  families 
of  the  earth  to  Jerusalem  ;  to  offer  worship  to  the  King  Jehovah 
of  Hosts  :  then  upon  them  there  shall  be  no  rain. 

18  And  if  a  family  of  the  Egyptians  shall  not  ascend  nor 
come  up  there  not  upon  them  [shall  be  rain]  :  there  shall  be  the 
plague  with  which  Jehovah  shall  smite  the  nations  which  will 
not  come  up  to  keep  the  feast  of  tabernacles. 

19  This  will  be  the  sin  of  Egypt :  and  the  sin  of  all  the  na- 
tions ;  which  will  not  come  up  to  keep  the  feast  of  tabernacles. 

20  In  that  day,  there  shall  be  upon  the  bells  of  the  horses, 
holy  to  Jehovah  :  and  the  pots  in  the  house  of  Jehovah  like  the 
bowls  before  the  altar. 

21  And  it  shall  be,  every  pot  in  Jerusalem  and  in  Judah,  holy 
to  Jehovah  of  Hosts  ;  and  all  the  sacrificers  shall  come  and  they 
shall  take  from  them  and  they  shall  boil  from  them  and  there 
shall  be  no  more  the  Canaanite  in  the  house  of  Jehovah  of  Hosts 
in  that  aay. 


MALACHI. 


Malachi  prophesied  420  to  397  b.  c.  His  book  contains,  as 
Professor  Keil  writes,  "one  sin^rle  prophecy,  and  is  condemnatory 
throughout."  It  concerns  Israel,  with  one  reference  to  Edom, 
Malachi  is  the  last  prophet,  and  he  writes  of  last  things.  Ho 
writes  of  the  second  coming  of  the  Lord  ;  and  records  the  com- 
plaints the  Lord  will,  then  have  made  against  His  people,  the 
Jews,  and  the  answers  they  will  make  thereto.  The  Jews  will 
have  been  gathered  to  their  own  land  in  unbelief,  and  they  will 
have  their  old  temple  service  nominally  re-instituted.  The 
prophet  complains,  in  advance,  of  what  they  shall  then  do  and 
say.  He  charges  them,  (1)  with  denying  God's  love  (1 :  2),  and 
the  Hebrew  reads:  ''And  ye  shall  say,''  etc.  (2)  "The  Priests 
despise  my  name  "  (1  :  6),  and  the  Hebrew  reads  :  "And  ye  shall 
say."  (3)  They  will  have  "  profaned  the  offering  "  and  asserted 
that  the  table  of  the  Lord  is  polluted  "  (1  :  13),  and  the  Hebrew 
reads:  "And  ye  shall  say."  (4)  In  2:14  the  Hebrew  reads: 
"  And  ye  shall  say.  Therefore  will  God  not  receive  our  offering." 
(5)  In  chapter  2:17,  where  the  Lord  says  ye  have  wearied  me, 
the  Hebrew  reads:  "And  ye  shall  say."  (6)  In  chapter  3:1 
there  is  a  looking  back  to  the  first  coming  of  Jesus  and  His  mes- 
senger, John  the  Baptist,  who  prepared  the  way  for  that  coming 
(Luke  1  :  76  ;  7  •  27),  and  immediately  thereon  the  prophet  speaks 
of  the  second  coming  of  Jesus,  and  of  his  purifying  the  Jewish 
l^eople  that  they  may  offer  unto  the  Lord  an  offering  in  right- 
eousness. Then,  it  is  aiftrmed,  shall  the  offering  of  Judah  and 
Jerusalem  be  pleasant  unto  the  Lord  as  in  the  days  of  old,  and  as 
informer  years.  (7)  In  8  :  5  there  is  an  allusion  io  false  swearers, 
but  this  clause  should  read,  "And  against  those  who  have  been 
sworn  to  the  false  one,"  meaning  the  Anti-Christ  who  will  then  be 
Satan's  vicegerent  and  at  the  head  of  all  the  nations  of  earth. 
(8)  In  3  :  7  God  charges  them  with  having  gone  away  from  His 
ordinances,  and  invites  them  to  return  ;  and  the  Hebrew  reads : 
"  And  ye  shall  say."     (9)  In  3  :  8  they  are  charged  with  robbing 

[109] 


110  MALAniT. 

God,  and  the  Hobrew  roads,  "  And  yo  shall  say."  (10)  In  3  :  13 
God  says,  "  Your  words  have  been  stout  aj^ainst  me,"  and  the 
Hebrew  roads  :  "And  yc  shall  say.'"  (11)  In  3:17  the  formula 
"  In  that  day  "  determines  the  time  to  be  that  of  the  second 
coming.  (12)  In  4  :  1  it  is  spoken  of  as  "  the  day  that  cometh'" 
that  shall  burn  as  an  oven.  (13)  In  4  :  5  there  is  to  be  the  com- 
ing of  the  veritable  Elijah,  just  before  the  coming  of  the  great 
and  dreadful  day  of  the  Lord. 

For  the  foregoing,  and  because  nil  the  prophets  unite,  in  the 
main,  in  writing  of  the  same  time  and  events  ;  viz.,  "  the  end,"  I 
believe  I  am  therefore  the  more  ready  to  believe  that  Malachi  has 
done  the  same  thing,  more  exclusively,  probably,  than  any  of 
his  predecessors. 

The  Hebrew  word  that  I  have  so  frequently  referred  to  as  not- 
ing what  the  people  shall  say  in  the  time  to  come,  is  ' '  icaamartem, ' ' 
a  converted  future.  This  form  occurs  twenty-nine  times,  and 
nine  of  these  are  in  this  short  book  of  Malachi,  where  they  are 
incorrectl}^  rendered  because  the  translators  did  not  discern  that 
the  prophet  was  depicting  a  future  scene.  Eight  times  out  of 
the  remaining  twenty  it  is  properly  rendered,  "And  ye  shall 
say." 

CHAPTER  L 

1  A  revelation  of  the  word  of  Jehovah,  concerning  Israel :  by 
the  hand  of  Malachi. 

2  I  have  loved  you,  Jehovah  hath  said  ;  and  ye  shall  say  in 
what  hast  thou  loved  us  :  was  not  Esau  a  brother  of  Jacob  saith 
Jehovah  ;  and  I  loved  Jacob. 

3  And  I  hated  Esau  :  and  I  placed  his  cities  a  desolation  ;  and 
his  inheritance  for  the  jackalls  of  the  wilderness. 

4  If  Edom  shall  say  we  are  broken  to  pieces,  but  we  will  re- 
turn and  we  will  build  the  waste  places  ;  thus  Jehovah  of 
Hosts  hath  said  ;  the}'  may  build,  but  I  will  destroy  :  and  they 
shall  call  to  them  a  border  of  wickedness  ;  and  the  people,  whom 
Jehovah  hath  indignation  against  for  ever. 

5  And  your  eyes  shall  see  :  and  ye,  ye  shall  say,  Jehovah  shall 
be  great  from  over  the  border  of  Israel. 

6  A  son  should  honor  his. father  and  a  slave  his  master  :  but  if 
I  am  a  father  where  is  my  glory  and  if  I  am  Lord  where  is  vnj 
fear  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  unto  you,  O  priests,  despisers  of 


MALACHI.  Ill 

my    name  ;  and   ye   shall   say  ;  wherein   have   we   despised  thy 
name. 

7  Ye  are  offering  upon  my  altars  polluted  bread  ;  and  ye  shall 
say  wherein  have  we  polluted  thee  :  in  your  saying  ;  the  temple 
of  Jehovah  is  contemptible. 

8  And  because  ye  will  bring  near  the  blind  for  sacrifice  it  is 
no  evil ;  and  because  ye  will  bring  near  the  lame  and  the  sick  it 
is  no  evil :  offer  it  now  to  thy  governor,  shall  he  accept  thee  or 
shall  he  respect  thy  face  ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said. 

9  And  now  entreat  I  pray  you  the  face  of  God  that  He  will  be 
gracious  to  us  :  from  your  hand  this  hath  been  ;  shall  He  respect 
faces  from  among  you  ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said. 

10  Who  is  there  even  among  you  that  would  shut  the  doors  ; 
and  would  not  light  a  fire  on  my  altar  for  nothing ;  there  is  to 
me  no  delight  in  you.  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  ;  and  an  offer- 
ing I  will  not  accept  from  your  hand. 

11  For  from  the  rising  of  the  sun  and  unto  its  going  down, 
my  name  shall  be  great  among  the  nations  ;  and  in  every  place 
incense  shall  be  offered  and  a  pure  offering  :  for  great  my  name 
shall  be  among  the  nations  ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said. 

12  And  ye,  are  profaning  it:  in  your  saving  the  table  of  the 
Lord  has  been  profaned  ;  and  its  produce,  its  food  is  contemptible. 

13  And  ye  shall  say  behold  what  a  weariness  it  is  and  ye 
have  blown  upon  it,  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  ;  and  ye  have 
brought  the  robbed,  and  the  lame  and  the  sick  ;  and  ye  have 
brought  the  offering  :  should  I  accept  it  from  your  hand,  Jeho- 
vah hath  said. 

14  And  cursed  is  the  deceiver,  seeing  that  there  is  in  his 
flock  a  male  ;  and  he  is  vowing  and  sacrificing  a  corrupt  thing 
to  the  Lord  :  for  I  am  a  great  King,  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said ; 
and  my  name  is  feared  among  the  nations. 

CHAPTER  II. 

1  And  now,  O  priests,  unto  you,  is  this  commandment. 

2  If  ye  will  not  hear  and  if  ye  will  not  set  upon  the  heart  to 
give  glory  to  my  name,  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  ;  then  I  will 
send  against  you  the  curse  ;  I  will  curse  your  blessings  :  and 
also  I  have  cursed  it  ;  because  ye  are  not  setting  it  upon  the 
heart. 


112  MALACHI. 

3  Behold  me  robiikinf?  on  your  account,  the  seed  ;  and  I  will 
scatter  dung  upon  your  faces  ;  the  dung  of  your  feasts  :  and  it 
shall  carry  you  away  with  it. 

4  And  ye  shall  know  ;  that  I  have  sent  this  commandment 
unto  you  :  for  my  covenant  is  to  come  to  pass  with  Levi :  Jeho- 
vah of  Hosts  hath  said. 

5  My  covenant  has  heeji  with  him,  life  and  peace  ;  and  I  gave 
them  to  him  for  fear,  and  he  feared  me  :  and  before  my  name 
he  trembled. 

G  The  law  of  truth  was  in  his  mouth  ;  and  iniquity  was  not 
found  in  his  lips  ;  in  peace  and  in  rigiiteousness  he  walked  with 
me  ;  and  multitudes  he  turned  from  iniquity. 

7  For  the  lips  of  the  priest  should  keep  knowledge  ;  and  the 
law  they  should  seek  from  his  mouth  :  for  an  ambassador  of 
Jehovah  of  Hosts  he  is. 

8  But  ye,  ye  have  departed  from  the  waj'  ;  ye  have  caused 
many  to  stumble  at  the  law :  ye  have  corrupted  the  covenant  of 
Levi  ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said. 

9  And  even  I,  I  have  made  3^011  despised  and  low  to  all  the 
people  :  in  proportion  as  that  ye  are  not  observing  my  ways  ; 
but  are  respecters  of  faces  in  the  law. 

10  Is  there  not  one  father  to  all  of  us  ;  has  not  one  God  cre- 
ated us  :  wherefore,  should  we  act  treacherously,  a  man  against 
his  brother  ;  to  profane  the  covenant  of  our  fathers. 

11  Judah  has  acted  treacherously  ;  and  an  abomination  has 
been  done  in  Israel  and  in  Jerusalem  :  for  Judah  has  profaned, 
the  sanctuary  of  Jehovah,  which  he  has  loved  ;  and  married 
the  daughter  of  a  strange  god. 

12  Jehovah  shall  cut  off  the  man  that  shall  do  this,  the 
watcher  and  the  answered  ;  from  the  tents  of  Jacob  :  and  him 
that  is  bringing  near  an  offering  ;  to  Jehovah  of  Hosts. 

13  And  this  ye  shall  do  a  second  time  ;  covering  with  tears  the 
altar  of  Jehovah  ;  weeping  and  groaning:  for  he  is  no  more  turning 
to  the  offering  ;  nor  receiving  it  with  acceptance  from  your  hand. 

14  And  ye  shall  say,  wherefore  :  on  account  of  that  Jehovah 
hath  been  witness  between  thee  and  between  the  wife  of  thy 
youth,  because  thou,  thou  hast  acted  treacherously  against  her  ; 
and  she  is  thy  companion  and  the  wife  of  thy  covenant. 

15  And  did  He  not  make  one  [of  the  two]  seeing  that  the  resi- 
due of  the  spirit  is  to  him  :  and  in  w^hat  manner  the  one  ;  he  is 


MALACHI.  113 

peeking  a  seed  of  God :  therefore  ye  should  be  taking  heed  in 
your  spirit  and  against  the  wife  of  thy  youth  no  one  shall  deal 
treacherously. 

16  For  he  hateth  divorce  Jehovah  God  of  Israel  hath  said ; 
and  he  would  cover  violence  over  his  garment ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts 
hath  said  :  therefore  ye  should  be  observant  in  your  spirit,  and 
ye  shall  not  act  treacherously. 

17  Ye  have  wearied  Jehovah  by  your  words  ;  and  ye  shall  say 
in  what  have  we  wearied  thee  :  in  your  saying,  every  one  that 
doeth  evil  is  good  in  the  eyes  of  Jehovah,  and  in  them  he  has  de- 
light ;  or  where  is  the  God  of  the  judgment. 

CHAPTER  III. 

1  Behold  me  sending  my  messenger ;  and  he  shall  prepare 
the  way  before  me :  and  suddenly  the  Lord  shall  come  to  His 
temple,  He  whom  ye  are  seeking  and  the  angel  of  the  covenant 
in  whom  ye  are  delighting,  behold  He  is  coming ;  Jehovah  of 
Hosts  hath  said. 

2  And  who  can  sustain  the  day  of  His  coming ;  and  who  is  he 
that  is  standing  on  His  appearing  :  for  he  shall  be  like  a  fire  of  a 
refiner  ;  and  like  the  soap  of  the  washers. 

3  And  He  will  sit  a  refiner  and  a  purifier  of  silver ;  and  he 
shall  purify  the  sons  of  Levi  and  refine  them  ;  like  the  gold  and 
like  the  silver  :  and  they  shall  be  for  Jehovah ;  those  who  are 
bringing  near  an  offering  in  righteousness. 

4  And  it  shall  be  pleasant  unto  Jehovah ;  the  offering  of 
Judah  and  Jerusalem :  like  the  days  of  old ;  and  like  the 
former  years. 

5  And  I  will  draw  near  unto  you  to  the  judgment ;  and  I  will 
be  a  swift  witness  against  the  sorcerers,  and  against  the  adul- 
terers ;  and  against  those  sworn  to  the  false  one  :  [the  Anti-Christ 
to  come]  and  against  the  oppressors  of  the  hire  of  the  hire- 
ling the  widow  and  the  orphan  and  who  turn  aside  the  stranger, 
and  have  not  feared  me  ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said. 

6  Because  I  am  Jehovah,  I  change  not :  therefore  ye  sons  of 
Jacob  have  not  been  consumed. 

7  For  from  the  days  of  your  fathers  ye  have  departed  from 
my  statutes  and  ye  have  not  observed  them  ;  return  unto  me 
and  I  will  return  unto  you  ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  :  and  ye 
shall  say,  wherein  shall  we  return. 

8 


114  MALACHI. 

8  Shall  a  man  dofraud  God,  but  ye  arc  defraudors  of  me  ;  and 
ye  will  say  wherein  have  we  defrauded  thee  :  in  the  tithes  and 
the  heave  offering. 

9  With  the  curse,  ye  have  been  cursed ;  and  me  ye  are  de- 
frauding :  this  nation,  the  whole  of  it. 

10  Bring  ye  all  the  tithe  into  the  treasure  house,  and  there 
shall  be  provision  in  my  house  ;  and  try  me  now  in  this  Jehovah 
of  Hosts  hath  said  :  if  I  will  not  open  to  you  the  windows  of  the 
heavens ;  and  I  will  pour  out  to  you  a  blessing  to  a  superabun- 
dance. 

11  And  I  will  rebuke  for  you  the  devourer  ;  [is  he  the  Anti- 
Christ  ?]  and  /ie  shall  not  destroy  because  of  j^ou,  the  fruit  of  the 
ground :  nor  shall  Jie  make  the  vine  in  the  field  to  miscarry  be- 
cause of  you  ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said. 

12  And  all  nations  shall  call  you  blessed  :  for  ye  shall  be,  ye,  a 
land  of  delight ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said. 

13  Your  words  have  been  strong  against  me  Jehovah  hath 
said  :  but  ye  shall  say  what  have  we  spoken  against  thee. 

14  Ye  have  said  ;  it  is  vain  to  serve  God  :  and  what  profit  is 
it,  that  we  have  kept  his  charge ;  and  that  we  have  walked 
mournfully  ;  before  Jehovah  of  Hosts. 

15  And  now ;  we  are  calling  the  proud  blessed  :  also  we  have 
built  up  the  doers  of  wickedness  ;  also  we  have  tempted  God 
and  been  delivered. 

16  Then  the  fearers  of  Jehovah  were  speaking  every  one  with 
his  friend  :  and  Jehovah  hearkened  and  He  heard  ;  and  a  book 
of  remembrance  was  written  before  Him,  for  the  fearers  of 
Jehovah  ;  and  that  reverenced  His  name. 

17  And  they  shall  be  mine,  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said  ;  for 
that  day ;  when  I  am  making  a  peculiar  treasure  :  and  I  will 
have  compassion  over  them ;  according  as  a  man  should  have 
pity  over  a  son  that  serveth  him. 

18  And  ye  shall  return  and  discern ;  a  separation  of  the 
righteous  from  the  wicked  :  a  separation  of  the  servant  of  God ; 
from  whomsoever  does  not  serve  Him. 


MALACHI.  115 

CHAPTER  IV. 

19  For  behold  the  day  is  coming  ;  burning  lilce  the  furnace  : 
and  they  shall  be,  all  the  proud  and  all  the  doers  of  wickedness, 
as  stubble ;  and  the  day  which  cometh,  shall  burn  them,  Jeho- 
vah of  Hosts  hath  said ;  which  shall  not  leave  them  root  nor 
branch. 

20  But  to  you  fearers  of  my  name  shall  the  sun  of  righteous- 
ness arise  ;  and  healing  in  its  wings  :  and  ye  shall  go  forth  and 
spread  out  like  the  calves  of  the  stall. 

21  And  ye  shall  tread  down  the  wicked;  for  they  shall  be 
ashes  ;  under  the  soles  of  your  feet :  in  that  day  when  I  am  exe- 
cuting ;  Jehovah  of  Hosts  hath  said. 

22  Remember  ye ;  the  law  of  Moses  my  servant :  which  I 
commanded  him  in  Horeb  over  all  Israel ;  the  statutes  and  judg- 
ments. 

23  Behold  I  am  sending  to  you ;  Elijah  the  prophet :  before, 
there  is  to  come  the  day  of  Jehovah  ;  the  great  and  the  dread- 
ful one. 

24  And  he  shall  turn  the  heart  of  the  fathers  upon  the  sons ; 
and  the  heart  of  the  sons  upon  their  fathers :  lest  I  shall  come  ; 
and  I  shall  smite  the  earth  with  a  curse. 


Present  Day  Primers. 


Under  this  general  title  the  publication  haa  begun  of  a  serie* 
of  Educational  books  designed  for  use  in  Schools,  Seminaries,  and 
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Centuries.  By  J.  Vernon  Bartiet,  M.A.,  Lecturer  on  Church 
History  in  Mansfield  College,  Oxford. 

"  The  book  has  a  value  first  for  the  general  reader  ;  it  would 
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y.  M.  Stijier,  Professor  in  Crozer  Seminary. 

2.  The  Printed  English  Bible,     By  R.   Lovett,   M.A 

With  many  Facsimiles  and  other  Illustrations. 

Gives,  in  brief  popular  style,  the  chief  facts  in  the  fascinating 
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5.  An  Introduction  to  the  Greek  of  the  New 
Testament.  By  Rev.  Samuel  G.  Green,  D.D.,  author 
of  "  Handbook  to  the  Grammar  of  the  Greek  New  Testa- 
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6.  A  Primer  of  Hebrew  Antiquities,  By  Rev.  O.  C. 
Whitehouse,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Hebrev/  in  Cheshunt 
College.      {In  preparation. ) 

' .  A  Primer  of  Assyriology.  By  Rev.  A.  H.  Sayce, 
M.A.     {In  preparation.) 


Christian  Evidences,  eta 

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Missions  and  Missionaries. 

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